Characters of' the Botanical Alliances. 12S 



place at Sais, and indeed throughout the country, at a certain 

 period of the year, and describes the lamps used on this occa- 

 sion as " small vases filled with salt and olive oil, on which the 

 wick floated, and burned during the whole night ;" but it does 

 not appear of what materials those vases were made, though we 

 may reasonably suppose them to have been of glass. 



The sculptures of Alabastron, again, represent a guard of 

 soldiers, one of whom holds before him what resembles, and 

 may be considered, a lantern ; but here too there is great un- 

 certainty, and neither of these are sufficient to decide the 

 question. 



An Attempt to ascertain Characters of' the Botanical Alliances. 

 By Sir Edward Ffrench Bromhead, Bart, M. A., F.R.S. 

 L. & E. Communicated by the Author. (Continued from 

 vol. xxiv. p. 420). 



CHARACTERS OF THE USNEACEOUS RACE. 



1. Usneales. • 



2. Jungermanniales. 



3. Lycopodiales. 



4. Cupressales. 



5. Betulales. 



6. Rhamnales. 



7. Euphorbiales. 



8. ^scuhles. 



9. Hypericales. 

 10. Limoniales. 



11. Fabales. 



12. Violales. 



13. Passiflorales. 



14. Homaliales. 



15. Elaeagnales. 



16. Acanthales. 



17. Lamiales. 



18. Rhinanthales. 



19. Ericales. 



20. Carapanulales. 



21. Dipsacales. 



22. Myrsinales. 



23. Rutales. 



24. Malvales. 



25. Laurales. 



26. Magnoliales. 



27. Meuispermales. 



28. Asparagales. 



29. Orchidales. 



30. Bromeliales. 



1. Usneales. — Evascular, eductulose, cellules irregular, 

 surface without stomata or epidermis, not herbaceous-green, 

 without a distinct axis of vegetation, without leafy appendages. 

 Not reproductive in water, esexual, thecae (if present) not re- 

 gularly dehiscing, sporules homonemous in germination. 



2. Jungermanniales. — Gregarious, small ; cellules subre- 

 gular, evascular ; having a distinct stem and dark fibrous roots, 

 colour herbaceous-green ; usually having crowded simple leafy 

 appendages, amplexicaul or pseudostipulate, without stomata 

 (exc. apophysis of Splachnum ampullaceum), acrogenous. Esex- 

 ual ; reproductive bodies indefinite, under two forms and ha- 



