124* Sir E. F. Bromhead's Attempt to ascertain 



ving a proper integument, contained in thecae ; calyptrate, divi- 

 sions of teeth or valves binary ; germinating by confervoideous 

 geniculate threads. 



Inclining to a temperate, moist, and shady habitat. 



S. Lycopodiales. — Ductulose ; stipe solid, more or less de- 

 cumbent, having leafy appendages, acrogenous. Esexual ; 

 caulocarpous under two forms, heteronemeous in germination. 

 SporuJes indefinite and angular. 



Inclining to a warm habitat. 

 . 4. CuPRESSALES. — Arborcous or frutesccut, exogenous, woody 

 tissue with circular disks, exarticulate ; multigemmate ; leaves 

 simple, without branched venation, usually fasciculate and 

 acerose and rigid. Stipules 0. Sexes distinct, males amenta- 

 ceous. Stamens 1 or monadelphous ; anthers turned outwards. 

 Ovules gymnospermous. Albumen present ; embryo straight ; 

 radicle connate with the albumen. 



Inclining to a temperate habitat. 



5. Betulales. — Arboreous or frutescent, exarticulate, exo- 

 genous; leaves alternate, not dotted, not scabrous, usually 

 deciduous ; stipules present or leaves pinnate (Juglandacea), 

 not sheathing. Sexes distinct, males amentaceous; Jlowers 

 small and vernal, and often preceding the leaves. Calyx of the 

 males membranous or scaly or 0. Males apetalous^ females 

 apetalous (exc. Juglandaceae). Stamens perigynous; anthers 

 bilocular. Carpels not more than 3 perfecting seed, connate 

 with each other. Albumen (exc. Liquidambar). — Inclining 

 to a temperate habitat. 



6. Rhamnales. — Arboreous or frutescent, hairs (if present) 

 not stellate ; leaves alternate (exc. Colletia, Retanilla). Flowers 

 small, regular. Perianth more or less valvate or acclinate. 

 Sepals 2-7, more or less connate. Petals (when present) not 

 twisted. Stamens inserted with the petals, definite and peri- 

 gynous or indefinite and hypogynous (Melanorhoea), not adel- 

 phous when there is a disk. Disk developed or filaments co- 

 hering at the base (some Anacardiaceae). Carpels not more 

 than 10, not more than 5 perfecting seed, forming independent 

 cells, connate with each other or becoming solitary by abor- 

 tion. Stigma not capitate. Fruit drupaceous or indehiscent 

 (exc. Boswellia) or splitting into carpels. Ovules not more 



