Characters of the Botanical Alliances, lS!5 



than 1 or 2 to each cell, and often abortive. Albumen (exc. 

 some Rhamnaceae) ; radicle towards the hilum (exc? Spondias). 

 Inclining to a warm habitat. 



7. EuPHORBiALEs. — Hairs (if present) often stellate; leaves 

 not dotted, simple (exc, Staphyleaceae) ; stipules rarely absent, 

 small or deciduous or spinesccnt. Fhnvers small. Odd sepal 

 inferior. Divisions of the corolla (if any) alternating with the 

 divisions of the calyx (if any), and not fewer. Carpels form- 

 ing independent cells, free from the calyx, more or less con- 

 nate with each other in the bud, dissepiments tending to in- 

 durate and not to be absorbed. Seeds 1 and erect, or 1-2 

 and pendulous, or axile and ascending and definite (exc. some 

 Celastraceoe). Albumen (if present) enclosing the embryo ; 

 embryo straight or only slightly curved, axile ; radicle to the 

 hilum. 



8. ^scuLALEs. — Leaves petioled ; stipules rarely present 

 and then small (some Malpighiaceae, some Sapindaceae). Flowers 

 small (exc. yEsculaceoe, Caryocar). Sepals in a broken series, 

 imbricate, odd sepal inferior. Torus discoid. Petals (if pre- 

 sent) issuing from the edge of the disk, not connate with each 

 other, deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, filaments subulate or 

 flat (Millingtoniea?), in a single or double row ; anthers in- 

 trorse, bilocular, cells parallel, not opening by pores. Carpels 

 2 or 3 or 4, forming independent cells, free from the calyx, 

 connate with each other. Stigmas not .sessile. Trophosperms 

 central ; ovules definite. Albumen or extremely thin (Mil- 

 lingtonieae) ; radicle next the hilum. 



9. Hypericales. — Leaves simple ; stipules 0. Flowers 

 regular. Sepals 2-7, in a broken series, imbricated. Corolla 

 hypogynous, of 4-10 divisions. Stamens hypogynous, not 

 fewer than the corolline divisions. Carpellary leaves more or 

 less turned inwards at the edges, free from the calyx, connate 

 with each other. Albumen or very small. 



Inclining to a warm habitat. 



10. LiMONiALEs. — Arboreous or frutescent, leaves alternate 

 or rarely closed up near the flowers (some Hugoniaceae) ; sti' 

 pules rarely present and then deciduous (Rhodolaenaceffi) or 

 subulate (Hugoniaceae). Flowers not sessile. Sepals 3-5, 

 more or less connate (exc. Rhodolsenaceae, Hugoniaceae), not 



