232 Professor Miiller on the Life and Writwgs of 



duction of a head, a foot, &c. An embryo, rachitic at the 

 earliest period, and in which the head is as large as the rest 

 of the body, is not far removed from the imperfect develop- 

 ment of the whole lower half, and from the insertion of the 

 umbilical cord under the head. The paper on hermaphro- 

 dism is equally distinguished by learning and acuteness. Ru- 

 dolphi considers this phenomenon in its most general point of 

 view, and examines it in most classes of animals. The usual 

 formations termed hermaphroditic, which are nothing else but 

 obstructed formations of the male genital organs, or progres- 

 sive metamorphoses of the female parts, are properly excluded 

 by him ; but he describes a rare real human hermaphroditic 

 case, in which, on the one hand, the testicles and ductus de~ 

 ferens^ and, on the other, the uterus and tuha, were present. 

 This instance is a very remarkable one, although I cannot con- 

 vince myself of the existence of an ovary on the female side, 

 which Rudolphi assumed. As anatomists generally do, Ru- 

 dolphi ascribed great importance to this deviation in the struc- 

 ture of the animal and human body. When one is accustomed 

 to attend to every thing with mental acuteness, and is enthu- 

 siastically devoted to his subject, it often happens that, though 

 what is extraordinary may sometimes be overrated, yet the de- 

 viation from the rule often leads to the knowledge of the law, 

 which is above the rule. Cuvier, to whom pathological ana- 

 tomy was unknown, could not acquire any taste for pathologico- 

 anatomical minutiae ; and it is extremely characteristic what 

 Cuvier on one occasion replied to Rudolphi, while the latter 

 was conversing with him in Paris on rare pathologico-auatomi- 

 cal curiosities : " Mais ce n^est qii accidenteU Rudolphi re- 

 lates this in the account of his journey. It must, however, be 

 confessed, that Cuvier"'s countrymen, apart from the theory of 

 innate monstrosities, in which the Germans have done so much, 

 have known how to make the most of the cultivation of acci- 

 dental phenomena for the subject of medicine This connect- 

 ing of practical medicine with anatomy, must arise in a country 

 where Bicb.at appeared and developed the laws of the sound 

 and diseased textures. 



But Rudolphi was equally zealous for all branches of ana- 

 tomy. He often expressed tlie opinion that an individual 



