Mr. T. Dobson on the Theory of Cyclones, Waterspouts, §-c. 439 



nearly horizontal, and drawing up a quantity of waterspouts." — 

 Capt. Tilland's description of the upheaval of Sabrina Island in 

 June 1811, Phil. Trans. 



With this significant fact may be compared the following 

 analogous ones : — 



" In the Aleutian Archipelago a new island was formed in 

 1795. It was first observed after a storm, at a point in the sea 

 from which a column of smoke had been seen to rise." — Lyell, 

 Principles of Geology. 



" Among the Aleutian Islands a new volcanic island appeared 

 in the midst of a storm, attended with flames and smoke. After 

 the sea was calm, a boat was sent from Unalaska with twenty 

 Russian hunters, who landed on this island on June 1, 1814." 

 — Journal of Science, vol. vii. 



" On July 24, 1818, a submarine eruption broke out between 

 the mainland of Orkney and the island of Stronsa. Amid 

 thunder and lightning a very dense jet-black cloud was seen to 

 rise from the sea, at a distance of five or six miles, which tra- 

 velled towards the north-east. On passing over Stronsa, the wind 

 from a slight air became a hurricane, and a thick, well-defined 

 belt of large hailstones was left on the island. The barometer 

 fell two inches." — Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. ix. 



2. Hurricanes, whirlwinds, and hailstones accompany the 

 paroxysms of volcanos. 



" 1730. A great volcanic eruption at Lancerote Island, and a 

 storm, which was equally new and terrifying to the inhabitants, 

 as they had never known one in the country before." — Lyell, 

 Principles of Geology, vol. ii. • 



"1754. In the Philippine Islands a terrible volcanic eruption 

 destroyed the town of Taal and several villages. Darkness, 

 hurricanes, thunder, lightning, and earthquakes alternated in 

 frightful succession." — Edinb. Phil. Journal. 



"In 1805, 1811, 1813 and 1830, during eruptions of Etna, 

 caravans in the desert of Africa perished by violent whirlwinds. 

 In 1807, while Vesuvius was in eruption, a whirlwind destroyed 

 a caravan." — Rev. W. B. Clarke in Tasm. Journal. 



"1815. Java. A tremendous eruption of the Tombow Moun- 

 tain. Between 9 and 10 p.m. ashes began to fall, and soon after 

 a violent whirlwind took up into the air the largest trees, men, 

 horses, cattle, &c." — Raffles 3 s History of Java. 



" 1817, Dec. Vesuvius in eruption. In the evening a hail- 

 storm accompanied with red sand." — Journal of Science, vol. v. 



u 1820. Banda. A frightful volcanic eruption, and in the 

 evening an earthquake and a violent hurricane." — Annates de 

 Chimie. 



