Geological Remarks made in a Journey in India. 367 



rocks are connected with it. No fossil remains have heen discovered 

 in the formation. At Delhi the strata are highly inclined towards 

 the east-south-east. 



From Delhi to beyond Seharunpore, a distance of more than 100 

 miles, the surface of the country consists of a fine sandy soil, and 

 contains nodules of kunkur, similar to alluvial granitic or primary 

 detritus brought down by the Jumna. Beyond Seharunpore the 

 tertiary beds of the Sevalik range commence ; but Mr. Everest alludes 

 to their mammalian remains only for the purpose of remarking, that 

 no portions of the wild elephant, which now abounds in that district, 

 have been found in the tertiary strata ; and he quotes, as an analo- 

 gous case, the absence of the bones of the Asiatic elephant in the 

 mammalian deposits of the Irawaddi. From these facts he infers 

 that the present species did not co-exist with the Elephas primige- 

 nius, the mastodon, or the associated mammifers. 



The chain of the Himalayas, which rises like a black wall on the 

 opposite of the valley of the Dhoon, or that which separates it from 

 the Sevalik hills, consists, where crossed by the author (about 77° 

 55' E. long.), of strata highly inclined to the north-east, and com- 

 posed of dark blue or variegated clay slate, sometimes sufficiently 

 hard to be used for roofing slates, but generally soft, of compact, 

 dark blue and black carbonaceous limestone, and of highly conso- 

 lidated quartzy sandstone resembling that near Delhi. No organic 

 remains have been noticed in these beds. Dykes of greenstone con- 

 taining diallage were observed by the author. 



From Mussoori* (lat. 30° 25', long. 77° 55' E.), Mr. Everest de- 

 scended to the Jumna, over beds similar to those just described, and 

 of slate containing angular fragments. In the bed of the river the 

 strata are very much disturbed. Beyond the Jumna the rocks con- 

 sist of purplish clay slate, often passing into quartz slate and talc 

 slate. The general dip is to the north-east, but the angle of incli- 

 nation is stated to vary from nearly horizontal to vertical. Beyond 

 the village of Luchwarree, not far from the Jumna, occur blocks of 

 greywacke similar to those observed in the descent to that river. 

 Thence to the heights of Deobun, the most lofty point between the 

 Jumna and the Tonse (lat. about 30° 47', long, about 77° 48' E.), 

 the strata present little variety, but the last 2000 feet of ascent con- 

 sist of rugged, black and grayish blue limestone, similar to that at 

 Mussoori. The descent towards the Tonse exhibits slates similar to 

 those previously described, dipping between north and east. They 

 are occasionally intersected by greenstone containing pistacite, and 

 passing in some places into hornblende slate and serpentine. At the 

 village of Kundah, before reaching the Tonse, limestone reappears, 

 highly inclined to the north-east, and extends to the bridge. The 

 bed of the Tonse, and of its tributary the Paber, are filled with 

 boulders of gneiss, and they occur at heights of 200 feet above those 

 rivers. The slate rocks, in ascending the river-valleys, change in 



* The degrees of latitude and longitude given in this abstract must be 

 considered only as approximations. 



