368 Geological Society : the Rev. R. Everest's 



their composition from that previously exhibited ; containing, first, 

 frequently nodules and layers of quartz, and, though rarely, of fel- 

 spar, and afterwards passing into well-defined gneiss ; and still fur- 

 ther, as at Raeenghur and Rooroo, different varieties of gneiss alter- 

 nate with talc-slate, quartzose slate and mica slate. This progress- 

 ive change, from the party-coloured earthy slates of Mussoori to 

 crystalline schists, on approaching the higher ranges of mountains 

 covered with perpetual snow, perfectly accords, Mr. Everest states, 

 with what he had previously observed in two journeys to the sources 

 of the Ganges and the Jumna. The dip of the beds in the valleys of 

 the Tonse and Paber is to the north-east. 



At Rooroo Mr. Everest quitted the course of the Paber and 

 crossed the mountain range to the valley of the Sutluj. The highest 

 point which he attained on this ridge was only 8000 feet above the 

 level of the sea, and it was then, the middle of April, nearly free from 

 snow. From the view which this pass afforded, the author ascer- 

 tained that the country shelves or declines from the north-east to the 

 south-west, the mountains between the north and east rising far above 

 the limits of forests and being white with snow, while among those 

 to the westward or southward few peaks appeared above the range 

 of forests, and little snow was seen. The rocks composing this moun- 

 tain range consist near Rooroo of mica slate, with a very slight dip to 

 the east and south-east, but the inclination of the beds in ascending 

 towards the pass becomes considerable, but in the same direction. 

 North of Kersole (lat. 31° 25', long. 77° 33' E.) gneiss appears dipping 

 south and south-east, and approaching occasionally granite in cha- 

 racter. This rock ranges half way to the Sutluj, where black, com- 

 pact limestone, and black, glimmering, soft slate are exposed. Near 

 the junction of the Nuggur with the Sutluj, strata of crystalline, 

 white quartz slate dip to the south, and are traversed by a mass of 

 greenstone, which first rises vertically through the strata, then passes 

 horizontally between them, and finally bursts upwards and projects 

 above the surface. Where the position of the greenstone conforms to 

 the bedding of the slate, the lamina; of mica and hornblende assume 

 a similar arrangement, and where the greenstone intersects the slate, 

 those minerals have a position vertical to it. A gradual passage from 

 greenstone into the quartz slate was likewise noticed by, the author. 

 About two miles below Rampore (lat. 31° 34', long. 77° 30'), 

 in the valley of the Sutluj, quartz slate alternates with chlorite 

 slate and talc slate, the dip being to the west and south-west at a 

 considerable angle. Above Rampore the rocks first consist of alter- 

 nations of white quartz slate and clay slate, the strata being much 

 disturbed ; and afterwards of talc slate associated with greenstone or 

 hornblende rock, dipping north-east. Before reaching Seran, gneiss 

 containing kyanite appears, and extends with occasionally interve- 

 ning masses of granite to Nasher (lat. 31° 47', long. 77° 46' E.). 

 On the opposite side of the river at that place are precipices of 

 slate traversed by white veins ; but at the bridge, a large-grained 

 white granite with tourmalines appears, and extends, in connexion 

 with mica slate and gneiss intersected by granite veins, seven days' 



