Geology of the South of Westmoreland. 557 



stated to be much affected by cleavage lines. The usual strike of 

 the beds at the foot of Coniston is said to be north-east, but great 

 variations are shown to occur in other portions of the district, in con- 

 sequence of anticlinal ridges which range north and south. The 

 boundary between this division and the middle one passes from the 

 foot of Coniston Water to the ferry on Windermere, and thence by 

 the foot of the valley of Kentmere, across Long Sleddale at Murth- 

 waite Crag, south of Tebay Fell, Langdale Fell and Ravenstone Fell, 

 to Rathay Bridge, but it is much affected by dislocations. The general 

 range of the division, Mr. Sharpe states, may be traced by the grits 

 and slates forming a series of bold hills which stand out in relief 

 above the tame rounded masses of the argillaceous schists of the 

 middle division. 



The author alludes to a band of calcareous slates shown by Prof. 

 Sedgwick to range from Blawith to the south-west, but he states that 

 he failed to find its eastern continuation ; he alludes likewise to Mr. 

 Marshall's account of having found lower Silurian fossils in it ; and 

 he is induced, on this account, to conceive that the calcareous band 

 may form the uppermost portion of the lower Silurian rocks. The 

 lowest division of the Windermere series is stated to be well exposed 

 on the shores of Coniston Lake. 



3b. Middle Division. — This deposit consists of hard argillaceous 

 rocks, usually striped or banded gray, blue, or white, and sometimes 

 brown ; it contains also beds of soft shale and hard grits similar to 

 those of the lowest division. On the west side of Windermere the 

 usual strike is north-east, but to the eastward of the lake the strata 

 are stated to be thrown into great confusion by faults ranging north 

 and south. The boundary between this and the upper division is 

 drawn by the author from Newby Bridge to Witherslack ; but from 

 Whitborrow to the Lune, the southern edge of the deposit is over- 

 laid unconformably by various rocks of more modern date. East of 

 the Lune the Windermere rocks are stated to be less concealed by 

 other formations, the southern boundary ranging from a little east of 

 Barbon to Barbon Fell House, where it is again overlaid by carbo- 

 niferous limestone. The only traces of organic remains mentioned 

 by the author are some crushed specimens, one of which he considers 

 to be a Phragmoceras. 



3c. Upper Division. — This division consists of hard, compact, 

 purplish greywacke, little affected by cleavage, and can be distin- 

 guished from the Ludlow rocks only by the absence of fossils. The 

 strata are greatly disturbed by north and south anticlinal faults. 

 The division is exposed in only two limited districts ; one south of 

 Windermere, and the other east of the Lune, constituting Barbon 

 Beacon and the western end of Casterton Fell, all the intermediate 

 district being occupied by newer formations. 



4. Ludlow Rocks. — This series rests, the author says, unconform- 

 ably on the Windermere beds ; but the want of conformity is stated 

 to be inferred, not from the usual evidence of irregular deposition at 

 the passage beds, but from the relative position of the two formations, 

 the Ludlow rocks resting, in. different places, on the middle and 



