558 Geological Society: Mr. D. Sharpe on the 



upper divisions of the Windermere series. The deposit is composed 

 of hard, purplish gray, argillaceous strata, and though intersected hy 

 several cleavage plains, does not possess a slaty structure. The lines 

 of stratification are usually well-marked by thin rotten layers full 

 of casts of shells, the intermediate portions being devoid of organic 

 remains. The range of the Ludlow rocks, as limited by the author 

 to beds which contain fossils, and commencing west of Kendal Fell, 

 is stated to be a narrow strip at the base of Underbarrow Scar ; and 

 on the east of Kendal Fell, is a patch on the Tenter Fell, north-west 

 of Kendal. In the valley of the Kent, the Ludlow rocks are con- 

 cealed by newer deposits ; but east of the valley they constitute the 

 high anticlinal ridge of Benson Knot and Helme, the top of the latter, 

 however, being old red sandstone ; they occupy also all the country 

 thence to the Lune, except the highest point of Lupton Fell, where 

 the Windermere rocks are brought to the surface, being bounded on 

 the west, south, and east by mountain limestone or old red sandstone. 

 The usual strike of the beds is said by the author to be north and south, 

 and the dip either east or west, the strike conforming to the direction 

 of the principal faults. The chief anticlinal north and south ridges 

 are stated to be Benson Knot, Helme, Old Hutton Common, and 

 Lupton Fell : several east and west faults are likewise mentioned 

 in the paper ; as in Lambrigg Park and Fell, in Mansergh Common, 

 west of Lunesdale, and at Old Town. 



A gradual passage from the upper beds of the Ludlow rocks into 

 the tilestone of the old red sandstone is exposed at the top of Helme 

 at Old Town and the southern part of Mansergh Common ; and 

 the author is induced to infer, from eleven of the twenty-five 

 species found in the bottom beds of Herefordshire occurring also 

 in the upper Ludlow rocks of that district, and from seven of the 

 remaining fourteen species occurring low in the Ludlow rocks of 

 Westmoreland, that the beds which have been considered to form 

 the bottom of the old red sandstone ought to be included in the Silu- 

 rian system. A further argument in support of this arrangement is 

 drawn from the fact, that where the old red sandstone rests on the 

 Windermere rocks these doubtful beds are wanting, the shells being 

 found only where the Ludlow rock occurs. 



A list of thirty-four species of fossils is given in the paper, con- 

 sisting almost solely of Ludlow Testacea figured in Mr. Murchison's 

 work, but the author does not state positively to what portion of 

 the Ludlow series the Westmoreland beds ought to be assigned. 



5 . Old Red Sandstone. — The following distinct districts, composed 

 of old red sandstone, occur within the area described by the author : 

 (a.) that in the valley of the Lune and the neighbourhood of Kirkby 

 Lonsdale ; (b.) those near Kendal and in the valleys of the Kent, 

 Sprint, and Mint ; and (c.) that near Shap and Tebay. 



5a. To the old red of the valley of the Lune, above Kirkby Lons- 

 dale, the author assigns the bed of loose conglomerate and red clay, 

 which he says dips under the scar limestone of Casterton, the lime- 

 stone being inclined to the south-east at an angle of 30°, and the 

 conglomerate to the east by north at an angle of 25°, The want of 



