Sept. 11. 1852.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



251 



Courage; and to undergo willingly those troubles and 

 pains tor which he may expect a reward.'* 



" But because upon examination they found he did it 

 rather out of inexperience in the world than with an ill 

 mind, they therefore allowed him the bare title of a 

 Eishop, without any power of Ordination, or so much 

 as celebrating the public offices. St. Cyrill, in his 

 Epistle ad Damnum Antiochemim f, declares plainly that 

 it was sgainst the sense and rules of the Christian 

 Church for any Bishops to make resignations; for if 

 they are worthy, they ought to remain in their office ; 

 if not, the cause ought to be heard and they deposed. 

 In the time of Leo Magnvs, Rusticus, Bishop of Nar- 

 bon, acquaints him that by the multitude of scandals 

 and troubles he met with, he had a great mind to lay 

 down his office and retire from the world. Leo tells him ij; 

 it was a thing unworthy the patience of a Christian, 

 the faithfulness of a shepherd, tiie care of a watchman, 

 to lay aside his employment for the love of ease. ' Per- 

 mancndum ergo est,' says he, ' in opere credito, et in la- 

 hore snscepto; ' and so he proceeds to encourage him to 

 go on in his work, and not to be afraid of difficulties, 

 considering the promise of Christ's presence and assist- 

 ance. To the same purpose speaks Martin I. in his 

 Epistle § to Amandus, who was weary of the world 

 too, and would have resigned his Bishopric. I can- 

 not deny that there are some instances of resignation 

 mentioned in antiquity, such as Justus of Lyons, who 

 lived afterwards a monk in Egypt ; Marty rius of An- 

 tioch, who publicly renounced his Bishopric in these 

 words : KAijpCfi ^vcitoraKrc^ wol \a^ airetOt?, Kal iKic\ij(na 

 tp^aiirco/j.ei'r) aTroTaTTOfiai, (pvXdrTOiv ifj.auT(f ih T^s Ifpo- 

 cvv7]s d|ia)/Lca. II 



" But these are few and rare instances, and no rules 

 of practice ; and for the first 600 years I do not find any 

 countenance or approbation given to this practice by 

 any act of the Church, but very much against it. Af- 

 terwards it seems in some cases to have been allowed 

 in the Greek Church, as appears by the sixteenth 

 canon of tlie Council under Photius : and in the Latin 

 Church the Pope by degrees drew to himself the 

 l)ower of dispensing in such cases as he should think 

 fit."— Pp. 16 — 20. 



I shall be rewarded for the trouble of this long 

 transcript if any of your corresj^ondents would 

 enable me to fill up the blank in the address of the 

 letter, by giving the name and see of the bishop 

 whom his brother of Worcester is at such pains to 

 reason with.^ It was no secret at the time, for the 

 reply (dated Oct. 11, 1676) thus begins : 



* "ESfi yap ws SttoI iyKix^ipia^fvov iepariK^v (jjpovTL^a. 

 Tavrns fX^""^*' M*"^' eipcoo-Tios irj/fuyuoTi/c^s koI oiov avra- 

 iro5ve(T6at ro7s ■ir6vois, Kol lopan'Ta Thv ef^/xiaeov ide\ovrl 

 vTrofie:yai. — Concil. Ephes., Act VII., in Epist. ad 

 Synod. Pamphil. 



t Cyrilli, Epist. Can. ad Domn., torn. v. p. 2. pa".21J. 



\ Leon., Epist. ad Rust. Narbon. 



§ Martini, Epist. ad Amand, in Concil. Lateran., 

 A.D. 649. 



11 Ado Vien. in Chron. A. 379. ; Martyrol. Horn, ad 

 Sept., 2. ; Theodor., J.ect. 1. i, p. 555. 



[| It was Dr. Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln.— Ed.] 



" I am glad your Lordship understands already, that 

 what you thought had been so great a secret, is become 

 the discourse of the town, by which means I shall be 

 freed from the suspicion of divulging it," &e. 



Balliolensis. 



PHOTOGKAPHr IN THE OPEN AIH. 



(VoLvi., p. 193.) 



A. H. E,. wants some information on this sub- 

 ject 5 but, before information, let me give a word 

 or two of advice to any who may wish to try their 

 hands at it. 



Photography requires much care, nicety of mani- 

 pulation, cleanliness ; and, I may add, some little 

 knowledge of chemistry is useful. Even with all 

 these, some amount of practice is requisite ; but, 

 unfortunately, people have generally an idea that 

 they have only to make or to buy some prepared 

 paper or plates, to carry them in a small black 

 box, to expose them to light, and that the sun- 

 shine will then do all the rest for them, and pro- 

 duce magnificent pictures. Never was there a 

 greater fallacy ; and hence it is that many have 

 had a trial, and gone to some expense in appa- 

 ratus, but, not succeeding, have thrown it all 

 aside. Now, every one who falls in this way 

 brings a certain amount of discredit on the art, 

 and discourages all his acquaintance ; but it is in 

 great measure his own fault, from expecting so 

 much from so little pains. 



There Is another cause of discredit. Some shop- 

 keepers who deal In the apparatus make a point of 

 telling a novice that "It's very easy;" "It's so 

 simple ;" "This picture was done in ten seconds;" 

 " Our apparatus is so improved," and so on ; but 

 they omit saying that it requires care and 

 nice management. By thus making it appear so 

 over simple and so over easy, they induce the 

 uninitiated to purchase a quantity of chemicals, 

 camera, &c., and then, finding it not so easy as he 

 was led to expect, he looks upon it as a piece of 

 humbug. 



Now for the advice I spoke of. If A. H. R. 

 really means to try photography, let him make up 

 his mind to work hard at It ; let him expect many 

 failures and disappointments, and he may perhaps 

 even work for some months without obtaining a 

 favourable result ; but I do not hesitate to say 

 that, if he will but persevere through this begin- 

 ning, he win afterwards find It easy. 



When I first began, I did not get a picture to 

 my own satisfaction for the whole of one summer ; 

 this was very discouraging, but by sticking to it 

 I mastered the principle, and can now do pretty 

 well. 



The above is not meant to discourage, but sim- 

 ply to prevent the disappointment I see dally ; and 

 supposing that A. H. R., after reading the above, 



