5Bi 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 164. 



tion is correctly given. The only authority I can 

 find for the insertion of the words " stroke " on the 

 first side, and " the spot " on the third side of the 

 Stone (as repeated in Old England) is a small local 

 «ruide-book, entitled A Companion in a Tour round 

 Southampton, S^-c, which first appeared in 1799, 

 and has gone through several subsequent editions. 

 In Gough's Camden, edit. 1806, instead of "the 

 spot," we have "the place," neither of which 

 words was ever engraved on the monument, if we 

 may accept the concurrence of earlier and more 

 trustworthy evidence. F. Madden. 



BICASDO S THEOBT OF BENT. 



(Vol. vi., p. 509.) 



Sir Edward West was a fellow of University 

 College, Oxford, and afterwards a judge in the 

 Supreme Court of Bombay. In the Literature of 

 Political Economy, by J.li. M'Culloch, p. 33., I 

 find it stated that " the true theory of rent was 

 elucidated in these pamphlets, which, by a curious 

 coincidence, were published nearly at the same 

 period." The pamphlets to which he refers are. 

 An Inquiry into the Nature and Pi-ogress of Rent, 

 and the Principles hy which it is regulated, by the 

 Rev. T. E,. Malthus, London, 1815 ; and An Essay 

 on the Application of Capital to Land [by Sir 

 Edward West], London, 1815. Mr. M'Culloch 

 goes on to observe, — • 



" There is probablj* no good ground for impeaching 

 the originality of either writer ; but, however this may 

 be, the theory of rent developed in these tracts had 

 been discovered and fully explained by Dr. James 

 Anderson, in a tract on the Corn Laws, published in 

 1777, and in other works of the same author." 



In p. 68. of the Literature of Political Economy, 

 Mr. M'Culloch gives the full title of Dr. Ander- 

 son's book, which is. An Inquiry into the Nature of 

 the Corn Laws, with a View to the new Corn Bill 

 proposed for Scotland: Edinburgh, 1777. And 

 after stating that "the publication of this tract 

 marks an important era in the history of econo- 

 mical science, from its containing the earliest ex- 

 planation that is anywhere to be met with of the 

 real nature and origin of rent," he proceeds to 

 give extracts, for which I must refer J. F. J. to 

 Mr. M'CuUoch's volume. In p. 70. Mr. M'Culloch 

 adds: 



" Dr. Anderson resided for some time in the vicinity 

 of Edinburgh, where he projected and edited The Bee. 

 In 1797 he removed to I^ondon, where he edited Re- 

 creations in Agriculture, Natural History, Arts, §-c. In 

 this work (vol. v. pp. 401 — i05. ) he gave a new and 

 lucid exposition of the origin and causes of rent." 



Tybo. 

 Dublin. 



J. F. J. will find his inquiries amply satisfied if 

 he will refer to Mr. M'CuUoch's edition (1828) of 



Smith's Wealth of Nations, vol. iv. p. 124. It is 

 there stated that the Theory of Rent was first an- 

 nounced to the world in two pamphlets published 

 In 1815 by Mr. West (afterwards Sir Edward 

 West, Chief Justice of Bombay), In his Essay on 

 the Application of Capital to Land, by a Fellow of 

 University College, Oxford, and Mr. Malthus. A 

 pamphlet explanatory of the same doctrine was 

 published by Mr. Ricardo two years after. In 

 page 574. of the same volume, Mr. M'Culloch cor- 

 rects the preceding statement in the following 

 words : 



" I have since had my attention called to a paper that 

 has satisfied me that this statement is incorrect, and 

 that the honour of being the first to point out the real 

 origin of rent, and to show that it is not a cause but a 

 consequence of price, is not justly due to either of the 

 distinguished individuals alluded to, but to Dr. James 

 Anderson. In one of the works edited by this gentle- 

 man, entitled Recreations in Agriculture, Natural History, 

 Arts, Sj'c, published in 1801, there is a paper on the 

 effects of rent and tithe on the price of corn, in which 

 the true theory of rent is most distinctly pointed out, 

 and traced at considerable length ; " 



which Mr. M'Culloch illustrates by very extensive 

 extracts from Dr. Anderson's paper. A slight 

 biographical sketch of the Doctor Is added, by 

 which It appears that he had "projected and edited" 

 a weekly publication called The Bee, In which your 

 correspondent states the theory in question Is to 

 be found ; and proceeds to inquire who was the 

 author of the paper In that periodical. I think It 

 may be reasonably inferred that it was Dr. Ander- 

 son himself, seeing that he is the acknowledged 

 author of the Recreations in Agriculture, where the 

 doctrine is explicitly unfolded ; unless, indeed (as 

 plagiarism appears to be the order of the day), he 

 plumed himself In borrowed honours from some 

 anonymous writer In The Bee. See also Brande's 

 Dictionary of Science and Literature, art. " Rent," 

 where the above circumstances are briefly stated. 



A. W. 

 Kilburn. 



MABTIAL LAW. 



(Vol. vi., p. 533.) 



Your correspondent J. M. A. asks what is mar- 

 tial law ; what its powers ; Its form, if any ? And 

 are all crimes cognizable by a military court when 

 martial law Is proclaimed ? The latest authority 

 on this head is that of the Right Hon. Sir David 

 Dundas, Judge Advocate-General under the go- 

 vernment of Lord John Russell. He was examined 

 as a witness by the committee of the House of 

 Commons, which In 1849 sat to inquire into the 

 operation of martial law during the rebellion of 

 the previous year In Ceylon. When asked If there 

 was any definition of the powers given when mar- 

 tial law is proclaimed, he answered that he knew 



