220 0/t t^e Properties of Wind Injlnments. 



at 5 opens on the under fide, and Is clofed ty the thumb of the right hand. The holes 

 marked ii, 12, are always open, they are on oppofite fides of the tube, and let out the air 

 when all the other apertures are clofed. 



The lowed found of the inflrument is C, reprefented by the fecond fpace under the line 

 marked F by the bafe clIfF. The founds D, E, F, G, A, B, C, D, £, F, are produced by 

 opening the holes 10, .9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, I, i, and thefe are all the notes that can be 

 conveniently obtained in this manner, unlefs there be a key for the foremofl; finger of the 

 left hand to add G, which found however, is as eafily produced by clofing all the holes 

 except thofe marked i, i ; after this, by opening the hole 8, while i, i, are open, the next 

 note J will be added to the fcale. Other notes ftill higher may be thus obtained, but they 

 are not fo eafy to command. The fmall pipe under i, 2, 3, 4, is made of a thin piece of 

 brafs i it is flat, and forms part of one fide of the tube A ; if it was round, it would be two 

 lines in diameter. When any of the chromatic femitones between C and G are introduced, 

 the end of the pipe is opened, and alfo if it is requifite to change the key of C for that of 

 C fharp. 



The holes marked i, i, are each in a different part of the tube, but as they are only 

 feparated by the thin divifion between the tubes A and C, they are as eafily clofed by the 

 foremofl; finger of the left hand as one hole. When the aperture i in the tube A is only 

 open, the found Gis too flat, but when the hole i in the branch C is alfo opened, it is a 

 true twelfth compared with the lowed found of the inftrument, although the fecond found, 

 which is produced by ftrengthening the current of air when all the holes are clofed, is 

 only a compound fourth. 



The branch B brings the hole 7 conveniently under the little finger of the right hand. 

 The width of a part of this branch is contracted by the infertion of a thin plate in the in- 

 fide, as is faintly reprefented in Fig. 7. 



The hole 8 is clofed by the little finger of the left hand : it is made wide, that the found 

 F may be true when the holes 9, lo, are either clofed or open. The length of the reed, 

 and l-he flanted furface of that part over which it is placed, may be determined by the lines 

 drawn under Fig. 8. the higher line reprefents the flat fide of the reed, the lower {hews 

 the inclined furface of the inftrument. 



This inftrument is portable and eafy to play ; the intenfity of its tone may be varied 

 without any variation in its pitch; it requires a piece of reed which is very flender, and 

 may be fliaped in a few minutes. The fcales of C and F major, and A and E minor will 

 perform the beft, but thefe may be tranfpofed half a tone by opening the fmall pipe under 

 1, 2, 3, 4. The mufic may be written with the C cliff placed upon the loweft line but one 

 of the ftave. 



The compound fourth produced by this inftrument In place of the twelfth or compound 

 fifth, fuggefted an alteration in the fcale of the clarionet, namely, by a flender reed to 

 fubftitute a fcale of elevenths, or even tenths hi place of the fucceflion of twelfths. 



Fig. 



