40 



REVIEWS. 



These curious productions, however, do not attain to their full development 

 into Tseiiiaj, unless they reach the alimentary canal.* 



We extract Dr. Beale's account of the way in which they present 

 themselves to the student 



" Hydatids are not unfrequently mot with in the post mortem theatre. They are 

 usually found in the form of large cysts, occupying a considerable portion of the 

 liver. The parent cyst is often surrounded with a layer of purulent fluid. Upon 

 opening this parent cyst numerous small, rounder cysts (Acephalo-cysts), with 

 much fluid, escape. The walls of the cysts are usually quite white, not unlike the 

 boiled white of eggs, and vary very much in thickness ; the external surface is 

 smooth, but the internal appears 

 more transparent -and granular. 

 The granular appearance arises 

 from the presence of little ele- 

 vations with which the surface is 

 studded. By scraping these gently 

 with a knife, not unfrequently 

 many Echinococci will be remov- 

 ed. These may also be obtained by 

 allowing the contents of the Ace- 

 phalo-cysts to flow into a conical 

 glass. After a short time the 

 Echinococci sink, when they may 

 be removed with a pipette. 



" In the annexed figure are 



shown the appearance of two Echinococci, as seen under a quarter -of- an -inch 

 object-glass (about 220 diameter*). In one of these the hooks are seen to be ex- 

 tended, a condition which has been considered to result from the occurence of 

 endosmosis, and commencing decomposition." 



Passing over the other Entozoa and EpLaoa noticed by the author, we 

 turn to some of the genera whose existence in the entophytic flora the 

 microscope reveals as closely connected with disease, and of which more 

 than one monograph has recently appeared. We have already named some as 

 figured in Dr. Beale's very comprehensive manual. We will now endeavour 

 to convey some idea of their appearance by again referring to his pages. 



" There are certain vegetable structures, of a very low organization, which not un- 

 frequently fall under the notice of the practitioner. Some of these are found growing on 

 the surface of the skin or mucous membrane in certain forms of disease, while others 

 are met with in recent fluid secretions, or become developed at periods of time after 

 the secretions leave the 



body. Fig. 7 shows the ff rt %&\/ Fig 7 



general characters of a 

 fungus often developed 

 in acid urine (Penci- 

 lium glaucum). 



"TheAchfErionSchcen- 

 leinii usually appears 

 as elongated vesicles, 

 of a more or less oval 

 form, many of them be- 

 ing irregular, and vary- 

 ing much in size, but often joined end to end, so as to form branches. This fungus 



* See, also, "JMicrographic Dictionary," under Echinococcus and Acephalo-cyst. 



