150 HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS. 



Genus I. 



Tilia^ {Lime Tree,) Polyandria Monogynia. — The Lime Tree is propagated 

 by seeds^ by layers in autumn, and by cuttings, though seldom adopted, the 

 quickest methods being by layers and seeds. The wood of Tilia Euroi)oea, or 

 Common Lime Tree, is used by pianoforte-makers for sounding boards, and by 

 cabinet-makers for a variety of purposes. It is carved into toys, and turned 

 into domestic utensils, and small boxes for the apothecaries. It makes excellent 

 charcoal for gunpowder. Shoemakers and glovers prefer its wood for cutting 

 the finer kinds of leather upon. In Sweden, Norway, Carolina, and Switzerland 

 the leaves are collected both green and in a dried state for feeding cattle : the 

 Ancient Romans also used them as food for their cattle. The most important 

 use of this tree is that of supplying material for ropes and bass mats, as used 

 in gardens; the latter of which enter extensively into European commerce. 

 The Russians use the bark for covering their cottages; the fishermen of Sweden 

 make fish-nets of the fibres of the inner bark; the shepherds of Carniola make 

 a coarse cloth of it, which serves them for clothing. In some parts of 

 Devonshire and Cornwall we are informed that ropes are still made from its 

 bark. The sap by evaporation affords a considerable quantity of sugar. Baskets, 

 cradles, and light chairs, are sometimes made from the twigs. 



ORDER XI.— TERNSTROMIACE.E. 



The hardy genera in. our gardens are three, and are distinguished as follows: — 



Malachodendron — Calyx, unibracteate; styles, free; carpels, capsular; five- 

 connected. 



Stuartia — Sepals, connected, bibracteate; style, one; capsule, five-celled, five- 

 valved; seeds, wingless. 



(ro>Y?o/<m — Sepals, distinct; style, one; capsule, five-celled, five-valved; seeds, 



winged. 



Gentjs I. 

 Malachodendron, (^Malachodendron,) Monadelphia Polyandria. — Propagated by 



layers and cuttings. 



Genus II. 

 Stuartia, (Stuartia,) Monadelphia Pentandria. — A deciduous shrub of North 

 America, a desirable plant, propagated by layers and cuttings. 



Genus III. 

 Gordonia, (Gordonia,) Monadelphia Polyandria. — These most beautiful plants 

 are deserving of extensive cultivation ; the soil should be leaf-mould and sand, 

 propagated by seeds from America, layers, and cuttings. 



ORDER XII.— HYPERICACEJE. 

 These shrubs are natives of Europe, North America, and Asia. The hardy 

 genera in gardens are two, and are thus distinguished: — 

 Hypericum — Capsule, membranous; stamens, polyadelphous. 

 Androscemum — Capsule, baccate; stamens, monadelphous. 



Genus I. 

 Hypericum, QSt. JohrCs Wort^ Polyadelphia Polyandria. — These are all of 



