4 Memoir of the Life of M. Fraunhofer. 



could do nothing for our young artist ; but he recommended 

 him to a professor of the name of Schiegg, well versed in ma- 

 thematics and natural philosophy, who paid frequent visits to 

 Fraunhofer. 



About this time was formed the celebrated establishment at 

 Benedictbauern, near Munich, by MM. Reichenbach, Utz- 

 schneider, and Liebherr, and in August 1804, they began 

 the manufacture of optical and mathematical instruments, 

 which were divided by the new machine of Reichenbach and 

 Liebherr. The whole of the apparatus was made there ex- 

 cepting the lenses, for they could not procure good crown and 

 flint glass, and wanted also a skilful optician. With this 

 great defect, the establishment would certainly have failed, 

 unless they had endeavoured to supply it. 



Mr Utzschneider now undertook a journey to make inquiry 

 respecting crown and flint glass, and respecting a skilful work- 

 ing optician ; but, after all his labours, he was convinced that 

 the new establishment had no alternative but to form an opti- 

 cian within its own bosom. Through Captain Grouner of Berne, 

 he had heard of the labours of Louis M. Guinand, an optician 

 at Brenetz, in Neuchatel, (See this Journal, No. iv. p. S53.) 

 and having received from him some specimens of his flint glass, 

 he was so pleased with them that he paid a visit to Brenetz, 

 and engaged Guinand to accompany him to Munich. As soon 

 as he arrived there, which was in 1 805, M. Utzschneider con- 

 structed furnaces for carrying on the experiments upon a well 

 organized plan. The first attempt created much expence, on 

 account of the repeated experiments which it required, but it 

 nevertheless furnished several good pieces of both kinds of 

 glass. The optician, Riggl, polished the first lenses in 1806 

 and 1807. At this period Fraunhofer found himself in a very 

 critical situation. Professor Schiegg always encouraged him 

 to go to M. Utzschneider, but Fraunhofer was long in resolv- 

 ing to do this, believing that the latter had forgotten him, and 

 knowing that he was well satisfied with his own optician. 



M. Utzschneider received Fraunhofer in a very friendly 

 manner, and after a short conversation, it was agreed that he 

 should also become an optician in the establishment. Fraun- 

 hofer was then employed to calculate and polish lenses of con- 



