192 On the Distribution and Associations of the 



giganteum were found associated with existing species of Mollusca 

 in gravel and marl below peat. 



Genesee. — Here remains of the Mastodon giganteum were found 

 with existing shells in a small swamp in a cavity of the boulder for- 

 mation, so that the animal must have sunk after the period of the 

 drift when a shallow pond fed by springs was inhabited by the same 

 species of freshwater mollusca as now live on the spot. 



Albany and Greene Counties. — Mr. Lyell examined, in company with 

 Mr. Hall, two swamps west of the Hudson River, where the remains 

 of Mastodon occurred in both places at a depth of four or five feet, 

 precisely in such situations as would yield shell marl, and peat, 

 with remains of existing animals in Scotland. Cattle have recently 

 been mired in these swamps. 



According to Mr. Hall the greatest elevation at which Mastodon 

 bones have been found in the United States is at the town of Hins- 

 dale, situated on a tributary of the river Allegany in Cattaraugus 

 county in the State of New York, where they occur at an elevation 

 of 1500 feet above the level of the sea. 



Maryland. — In the museum at Baltimore, Mr. Lyell was shown 

 the grinder of a Mastodon, distinct from M . giganteum, and which 

 had been recognised and labelled by Mr. Charlesworth as M . Ion- 

 girostris, Kaup. It was found at the depth of 15 feet from the sur- 

 face in a bed of marl near Greensburgh, in Carolina County, Mary- 

 land, and is considered by Mr. Lyell as a miocene fossil. 



Atlantic border. — Between the Appalachian mountains and the 

 Atlantic there is a wide extent of nearly horizontal tertiary strata, 

 which at the base of the mountains are 500 feet and upwards in 

 height, but decline in level nearer the ocean and at length give place to 

 sandy plains and low islands skirting the coast, in which strata con- 

 taining marine shells of recent species are met with, slightly eleva- 

 ted above the sea. Occasionally deposits formed in freshwater 

 swamps occur, below the mean level of the Atlantic or over- 

 flowed at high tide. In this district Mr. Nuttall discovered, on the 

 Neuse 15 miles belowNewburn, in South Carolina, a large assemblage 

 of mammalian bones, including those of the Mastodon giganteum, rest- 

 ing on a deposit containing marine shells of recent species. Mr. 

 Conrad presented Mr. Lyell with the tooth of a horse covered with 

 barnacles, from this locality. Professor Owen has examined it and 

 could find no corresponding tooth of a recent species, but considers 

 it as agreeing with the horse-tooth brought by Mr. Darwin from the 

 north side of the Plata in Entre Rios in South America. 



South Carolina. — Remains of the Mastodon were found in dig- 

 ging the Santee Canal, in a spot where large quadrupeds might now 

 sink into the soft boggy ground. 



Georgia. — Bones of the Mastodon and Megatherium occur in 

 this district in swamps formed upon a marine sand containing shells 

 of species now inhabiting the neighbouring sea*. 



Mr. Lyell in conclusion offers the following observations :— 



1 . That the extinct animals of Bigbone Lick and those of the At- 

 • Ante, p. 189. 



