466 Geological Society : Mr. Spratt on the 



projects, near Lardose, from the enclosing schists like a wall, and tra- 

 verses several valleys as well as ridges 5 also some curiously con- 

 torted strata on the north face of Mount Agramitty. 



The loftiest summits in the island are composed of limestone. 

 Mount Attayaro (anc. Atabyrius), the highest, exceeds 4000 feet in 

 altitude, and at least three-fourths of it are composed of horizontal 

 beds of limestone. The other principal calcareous mountains are 

 Elias, Agramitty, Archangilo and Lindo, all remarkable detached 

 points, and believed by the author to have been islands during the 

 deposition of the tertiary formations. 



Mr. Spratt likewise mentions in proof of the limestone mountains 

 forming islands during the tertiary epoch, that at Mount Gallatah, 

 near the north-east extremity of the island, fragments of the rock are 

 honeycombed and perforated exactly in the same manner as the 

 limestone on the shore of many parts of Asia Minor, being the ope- 

 ration of a very minute boring animal. 



The igneous rocks constitute the ridges next in altitude, as the 

 lesser Elias and the southern mount of Skathee, besides a great por- 

 tion of the ridge connecting it with Attayaro and a few others. 



The tertiary deposits are assigned by Mr. Spratt to a period poste- 

 rior to the outburst of the igneous rocks, and when only the higher 

 ranges of hills were above the sea level. They consist of sands and 

 marls tranquilly accumulated in horizontal beds, and are distributed in 

 basins which occupy nearly a third of the island ; but having been 

 extensively denudated, they are intersected by deep and wide valleys. 

 The western basins are distinguished from the eastern by containing 

 only freshwater remains. In the hill to the west of Kalavorda the 

 author obtained similar testacea, marine shells being also apparently 

 wanting, but his examination of it was limited. In some of the 

 neighbouring ridges similar strata are also considered to be destitute 

 of organic remains. 



No river now flows through the district containing the freshwater 

 deposits, except a small stream about the size of the Bournarbashi 

 of the Troad, nevertheless broad shingle beds traverse the longer 

 valleys and form a remarkable feature in the western division of the 

 island. Mr. Spratt is of opinion that these valleys were the channels 

 of very considerable streams which once flowed from the mountains, 

 and that the accumulations are too great to be accounted for by the 

 torrents of the present winters. 



The eastern tertiary deposits contain only marine remains, but in 

 vast abundance in some localities, as in the basins of Lardose, Archan- 

 gilo, and Koskinou, which the author says, appear to have been inlets 

 or channels protected hy the high peaks around the base of which the 

 deposits now lie in horizontal terraces or zones. At Lardose the 

 fossils are most numerous in an insulated hillock of loose sand behind 

 the village, and Mr. Spratt procured there specimens of almost every 

 species which he obtained elsewhere. A quarter of a mile to the 

 northward he noticed a bed of gigantic oysters and " scollops "; the 

 diameter of one of the largest being thirteen inches, and the thickness 

 of one of its valves five inches. 



