2°^ S. V. 118., Afril 3. '58.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



287 



Brnndegose Bell (2°^ S. v. 133. 244.) — It is not 

 very clear what bird is properly called the Brand, 

 Brant, or Brent-Goose. Cuvier classes it under 

 the geese called Barnacles, as the Anser Bemicla, 

 in French Le Cravant, a corruption of the German 

 name Grau-Eut, or grey duck. He describes it as 

 having the head, neck, and wings black ; the man- 

 tle brown-gray, with a spot on each side of the 

 neck, and under the tail white; the bill black, 

 and feet brown. This in the English translation 

 of Cuvier is called the Brant-goose. Buffon also 

 calls the same bird the Brent-goose. In the En- 

 cyclopcedia Britannica, the bird is described in the 

 same way, but called Anser Torquaius, in English 

 the Brent-goose. 



But in German, the Brant-goose is called Die 

 Rothgans, which means literally Red-goose, and in 

 some German dictionaries the meaning of the 

 word is given as gannet, or soland-goose. It does 

 not appear why any of these should be called red. 

 The epithet would apply better to the red, or 

 rather cinnamon-breasted goosander or Mergus 

 serrator. 



Still when we have succeeded in this " wild 

 goose chase," we shall be no nearer to the con- 

 nexion between the Brand-goose and the ringing 

 of a bell at a certain hour, which is mysterious 

 enough. I must differ, however, from the Note 

 of the editor in " N. & Q.," where he says that 

 the hour is obviously one in the morning. " Ad 

 Jioram primam,'" would rather be at six o'clock in 

 the mo7-ning ; for the hours were named after the 

 ancient practice of the Jews, who began to reckon 

 the (lay from the average hour of sunrise (six 

 o'clock), and this mode of reckoning was adopted 

 by the churcli for the canonical hours of the 

 divine office. Prime, Tierce, Sfc. One could hardly 

 suppose that the poor sexton, for his wretched 

 pay of four shillings a year, had to ring at one in 

 the morning, for the mere purpose of awakening 

 and annoying the neighbours. F. C. H. 



The Tin Trade of Antiquity (2"'^ S. v. 101.)— I 

 wish to call the attention of students of this sub- 

 ject to two points: — First, whether the Phe- 

 nicians ever did come to Britain, the readier 

 supposition being that the maritime Iberians came 

 here, made the discovery of tin, and carried on 

 the trade. Second, whether the discovery Is not 

 most consistently to be attributed to gold-seeking 

 expeditions, such as those of the Argonauts, and 

 which were a practice of antiquity. Besides the 

 rivers of the east known to contain gold In their 

 sands, rivers of Iberia had the same reputation, 

 and the stream tin of Cornwall contains gold. The 

 seeker of gold In Cornwall would be brought to 

 the knowledge of tin, in the same way that black 

 sand tin has been discovered under like circum- 

 stances in Australia. This black sand formation 

 is that referred to by Pliny as the produce of 



Lusltania and Gallaecia, the discovery of which 

 might have preceded or succeeded that of Corn- 

 wall. In Cornwall the stream-tin formations have 

 been an abundant source ; they were readily 

 worked by slave-labour, as gold washing formerly 

 was and still is, and the enterprise was one con- 

 sistent with ancient habits. Hyde Clabke. 



Wa7'd, Viscount Bangor (2"^ S. v. 190.) — The 

 two accounts of the descent of the Bangor family 

 from that of Capesthorne cannot be both true. If 

 O'Moore, the author of the suppressed Irish Peer- 

 age (to which I drew attention, and respecting 

 which I proposed Queries in P' S. vi. 604.) be 

 correct, neither one nor the other Is so. He 

 affirms that this family is of Milesian origin, in 

 common with many others who pretend to English 

 descent, and for whom the heralds have, he says, 

 forged English pedigrees. By the way, my Que- 

 ries respecting O'Moore's work have never been 

 answered. Your correspondent H., In 1"' S. vii. 

 117., refers to a totally different work, and no 

 other correspondent has replied. It is now many 

 years since I have seen the book ; but my recol- 

 lection of it is distinct. I believe it to contain 

 much unpalatable truth, though not without ad- 

 mixture of falsehood. D. X. 



I have a few notices of Bishop Michael Ward, 

 which I shall be ready to communicate to your 

 correspondent T. S. M. if It should be wished. 



John Ward. 



Wath Rectorj', Ripon. 



Title-pages (2"^ S. v. 187.) — If Mr. M. E. 

 Berry's suggestion should be adopted, I would 

 recommend that the duplicate title-page be in- 

 serted, not In the middle of the volume, but after 

 the prefatory or introductory matter, and just 

 before the body of the work, as in some of the 

 modern reprints of old books. W. H. W. T. 



Somerset House. 



NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. 



We are happy to announce tha^the hopes which we 

 ventured to express, that the Society of Antiquaries would 

 step forward and take the lead in the measure which is 

 now contemplated for the preservation of the Monumental 

 Inscriptions in our churches and graveyards, have been 

 realised. A Committee has been formed, and we hope 

 shortly to be able to report that they are ready to invite 

 the cooperation of all interested in this good work to 

 some well organised plan for carrying it out. 



We are indebted to the Rev. J. M. Neale, who in the 

 year 1851 visited Utrecht, became acquainted with the 

 venerable Archbishop of that See, and interested in the 

 history of the Church over which he presides, for a goodlj' 

 octavo volume, entitled A History of the so-called Jan- 

 senist Church of Holland, with a .Sketch of its earlier An- 



