2°'i S. y. 124, May 15. '58.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



397 



Expecters and Seekers, aad deny that there is ^ny true 

 Church-ministry or ordinances. Some of them affirme 

 the Church to be in the wildernesse, and they are seeking 

 for it there: others say that it is in the smoak of the 

 Temple, and that they are groping for it there." — Pagitt's 

 Ueresiographia, 4to., 1654, p. 128. 



The Weigelians were so called from Valerius Weigel, 

 the " mystic " pastor of Tschoppau, in Meissen, Ger- 

 many, who died in 1588. " He appears to have been," 

 says Mosheim, " an honest conscientious man, without 

 bad intentions, yet somewhat superstitious." See, re- 

 specting his Life'and Writings, Qodfrey Arnold's JTerr/ien- 

 und-Ketzerhistorie, vol. ii. book vii. c. xvii. and Zach. 

 Hilliger's Diss, de Vita, Fatis, et Scriptis Weigelii. Wit- 

 temb. 1721.] 



Easter Dues. — What is the origin of Easter 

 dues, and on what legal grounds, if any, can they 

 be claimed ? Ch. Ch. Oxon. 



[Easter offerings are " customary sums " which have 

 been paid from time immemorial in the church, and are 

 recoverable as small tithes before two justices of the peace 

 by 7 & 8 Will. III. c. 6. and subsequent Acts. Before the 

 time of King Edward VI. offerings, oblations, and obven- 

 tions (one and the same thing), constituted the chief 

 revenues of the church, and were collected at Christmas, 

 Easter, Whitsuntide, and the Feast of the Dedication of 

 the particular parish church ; but by the 2 & 3 Edward 

 VI. c. 13. it was enacted that such offerings should 

 thenceforth be paid at Easter — a law or rule which is 

 reinforced by the rubric at the end of the Communion 

 Service in our Book of Common Prayer.] 



John the Blind. — I have a lot of modern coins 

 in hand. One is inscribed, on obv., + ioha . d . l . 

 KT . s. DEI . GRA. ; and on rev., rex . boe . et . pol . 

 John Duke of Luxembourgh and S * * * * , by 

 the Grace of God, King of Bohemia and Poland. 

 This I apprehend is the blind King of Bohemia 

 killed (?) at the battle of Cressy ; but I cannot 

 make out the S * * * *. Can any of the readers 

 of " N. & Q." enlighten my darkness on this point ; 

 and, further, how the said royal personage hap- 

 pened to be King of Poland as well as Bohemia. 



J. H. 



[John of Luxemburg, the blind King of Bohemia, was 

 declared King of Poland after his conquest of Silesia. 

 S * * * * probably refers to the ducal title of that State, 

 which he subsequently exchanged for the higher one of 

 king. He was slain in the battle of Crecy, Aug. 25, 1346.] 



Cryptography. — Can any of your learned cor- 

 respondents inform me of any English books 

 (other than those by Wilkins and Falconer, see 

 list of vols, wanted, ante, p. 388.) on the subject of 

 cryptography, pr, more popularly speaking, the 

 art of ciphering ? Mere references to casual re- 

 marks will not exactly do ; I mean separate 

 printed books, or pamphlets, on the subject. 



F. W. Haddon. 



[In addition to the works noted by our correspondent, 

 we may mention. Cryptography, or a New, Easy, and 

 Compendious System of Short Hand, adapted to all the 

 various Arts, Sciences, and Professions, by Swaine and 

 Sims, 8vo,, 1762 ; Cryptographia, being the Description of 

 an Ancient Game attributed to Pythagoras, by Francis 

 Barocci, translated by Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and 



Lunenburgh, under the name of Gustavus Solenus (no 

 date) ; John Davys's Essay on the Art of Decyphering, 

 4to., 1737 ; A Treatise on the Art of Decyphering, and of 

 Writing in Cypher, with an Harmonic Alphabet, 8vo., 

 1773 ; A New Book of Cyphers of Single and Double Let- 

 ters, useful for Artificers, 8vo. (no date). Specimens of 

 cyphers may be found in Martens' Cours Diplomatique, 

 ii. 576., and in the Works of Dr. John Wallis, iii. 659, 

 The Introduction to the Works of George Dalcarno, pub- 

 lished by the Maitland Club in 1834, may also be con- 

 sulted ; and as " book opens book," the article Cypher in 

 Kees's Cyclopatdia, which contains nurnerous references to 

 other works on this subject, and the articles on Crypto- 

 graphs in Chamhers's Journal, Sept. 1, 1855, and March 

 15,1856.] 



ieie»liti* 



THE CANDOR PAMPHLETS, AND THE AUTHORSHIP 



OF JUNIUS. 



The coincidences described by your correspon- 

 dent D. E. are so remarkable that I think they can 

 only be explained by the theory that Candor and 

 Junius were one and the same writer ; and if we 

 consider the details of these coincidences, they be- 

 come so much the more inexplicable under any 

 other supposition. 



It is not only that they were contemporaries, 

 writing for many years anonymously, with every 

 possible precaution for concealment, communica- 

 ting with the same newspapers, printers, and 

 publishers, but we find that the subjects treated of 

 by Candor, such as General Warrants, the Law 

 of Libel, the Seizure of Papers, &c. were those 

 upon which Junius was most emphatic: the opin- 

 ions of both were also in accordance, as well upon 

 the great constitutional questions which they dis- 

 cussed, as upon the conduct and character of the 

 persons who were by turns the object of their 

 ironical praise or more direct censure. Lord 

 Mansfield, for instance, is invariably abused both 

 by Candor and by Junius, precisely for the same 

 reasons, and apparently impelled by the same 

 personal hatred. All the charges brought against 

 Lord Mansfield in the several Candor Pamphlets 

 are echoed in the Letters of Junius again and 

 again ; often does he recur to the case of the in- 

 significant printer, Bingley, who, upon the com- 

 mitment of Lord Mansfield, had been detained 

 two years in prison for contempt in refusing to 

 answer interrogatories, and at last was released 

 without having made any confession, in the man- 

 ner described in Another Letter to Almon, and 

 subsequently by Junius in a note quoted almost 

 verbatim from the same authority. I have re- 

 marked a verbal peculiarity in this quotation, for 

 which I refer to Grenv. Corresp. iii. clxxxi. Very 

 frequently also does Junius return to Candor's 

 charge against Lord Mansfield of having illegally 

 challenged a juror named Benson upon some oc- 

 casion long before the period of their writing, and 

 upon his name being called, ordering the clerk to 



