2<^ S. V. 129., Junk 19. '68.] 



NOTES AND QUEKIES. 



501 



^' presumed pointing of a church to the place of 

 sunrise on the day of its patron saint") : — 1. The 

 discordance between the bearings of the nave and 

 chanc* (" it is of course impossible to say whe- 

 ther we should take the bearings of the chancel 

 or the nave"). 2. The non-correspondence of the 

 village feasts with the dedication festival. 3. The 

 re-dedication of many churches (e. ^. Clapham). 



4. Many saints have several festivals (e. g. St. 

 Nicholas has two; St. Martin, three; St. John 

 Baptist, four; St. Peter, five; St. Mary-the-Vir- 

 gin, eight). The change of style must also be 

 borne in mind, and twelve days allowed in the 

 calculations. 



Mr. Airy brings forward numerous examples of 

 the disagreements in " Festival Orientation," and 

 then sums up against the theory : — 



" I can say with certainty that its application was not 

 general. I have tried to ascertain whether it might not 

 have been a refinement introduced in the later periods of 

 church architecture, but I can find no sure ground for 



this supposition A very few words must sufiice 



for the supposition which is held by some, that the direc- 

 tion of the building was determined by the place of sun- 

 rise at the commencement of the foundation, irrespective 

 of its patron saint's day. If this supposition were correct, 

 what would probably be the direction of the great ma- 

 jority of our churches? I should suppose that the most 

 favourable time of year for laying the foundation of any 

 large building would be the first three months of sum- 

 mer ; and yet, it is a singular thing that I have never met 

 with one church pointing to the place of sunrise on any 

 day between the 1st of May and the 9th of August. There 

 maj', of course, be some which do ; but they are not suf- 

 ficiently common to aiford any evidence in support of 

 this theory." 



And this is his conclusion : — 



" I have observed but one church diverging more than 

 30 degrees from the East; not above six or seven di- 

 verging more than '20 ; and not double that number di- 

 verging above 10, but hundreds whose divergence from 

 the East is less than 10 degrees, or, I may say, less than 



5. And such being the case, ^ no rule of any kind being 

 traceable in these divergencies, but every appearance of 

 their being accidental, — we can come to no other con- 

 clusion than that the ancient church-builders had no idea 

 of following the sun through all the points between the 

 summer and winter solstices, in his courses northward 

 and southward to the rpoTral i7e\ioto ; but that they gave 

 their fabrics a general bearing, as nearly as they could de- 

 termine at the time, towards the mean place of his rising 

 — the East." 



CuTHBBRT Beds. 



COIiOUR OF UNIVERSITY HOODS. 



(2°^ S. v. 234. 324. 402.) 



Mr. Gutch has been at so much pains, and is 

 so nearly right, that he deserves assistance in 

 making his list more correct than it is. To begin 

 with my own University (Cambridge). Mr. G. 

 does not seem to be aware of the division of 

 Masters of Arts into Regents and Non-regents, 

 and has consequently missed a peculiarity in their 



hoods. For the first five years from Incepting, 

 Masters of Arts are termed Regents, and wear 

 the black silk hood lined with white silk. After 

 the completion of five years, their non-regency 

 begins, and their hoods lose the white, and assume 

 the black silk lining. (See Cambridge Calendar 

 in principio, where the division of the Senate into 

 the two houses of Regents and Non-regents, 

 otherwise called the white-hood and the black- 

 hoad house, is mentioned.) The proctors, how- 

 ever, and some other ancient University officers 

 are called necessary Regents, and always wear 

 " while hoods." Thus the black hood becomes 

 the badge of the Non-regent. Bachelors in the 

 Faculties of Law and Medicine, being in the po- 

 sition of M. A. (save that they are not members 

 of the Senate at all), are, however, assimilated to 

 Non-regents, and wear the black hood. They 

 also wear the M. A. gown. Mr. G. states that 

 the M. B. wears " black lined with white silk." 

 I dare say some M. B.'s have worn this, for I 

 have seen a LL.B. wear the same. It is, how- 

 ever, quite wrong ; for the white hood belongs to 

 the Regent MA. only. A reference to Gunning's 

 Ceremonies of the University of Cambridge will 

 show that I am right about the Non -regent habit 

 being proper for LL.B. and M.B. Unfortunately 

 I have not got the book at hand, or would refer 

 to chapter and verse. As to Mus. B., I doubt if 

 (except by courtesy) he has a right to any hood 

 at all. However, I believe he wears a black one. 

 All the rest of the Cambridge hoods as given by 

 Mr. Gutch are correct, except that black bor- 

 dered with fur would be a more accurate descrip- 

 tion of the B. A. hood. (The Regent M. A. hood, 

 anciently, was black lined with white fur.) As to 

 Oxford — ne sutor ultra crepidam ; but I cannot 

 help thinking that the D. D. hood is not " Red 

 cloth lined with black silk," but " Black cloth 

 lined with scarlet cloth." Adl. Trin. 



Permit me to offer a few corrections to Mr. 

 Gutch's Notes on University Hoods. First, in all 

 cases where the word " red " is used it should be 

 " scarlet ;" next, the LL.D or D.C.L. hood of Ox- 

 ford is lined with rose-coloured silk ; that of Cam- 

 bridge, I suspect, should be lined with white 

 ermine. See a tomb in Canterbury Cathedral in 

 a chapel in the north-west of the choir. I think 

 it is called the Dean's Chapel. The white fur 

 (which is still used in the D. D.'s and D. C. L.'s 

 full dress at Cambridge, and also in Doctors' 

 Commons), was I imagine disused on account of 

 its inconvenient weight, and rose-coloured silk 

 substituted in modern times. The B. C. L. hood 

 of Oxford is edged with while fur. I believe that 

 the M.D. hood of Oxford is precisely the same as 

 that for D. C. L., and so lined with rose-coloured 

 silk. The M. B. hood at Cambridge is I think 

 plain black. The M. A. hood at Oxford is lined 



