THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 27 



CHAPTER III. 



FAUNAL CHARACTERISTICS. 



New Jersey is in the Carolinian area of the upper austral zone, 

 and its relations as a whole are with the territory to the south 

 and southwest, rather than with that to the north or northeast. 

 Only in the mountainous northwestern section in Warren and 

 Sussex Counties is there a distinct element of the Transition zone, 

 which is manifested to a much smaller extent along the northern 

 boundary in Passaic and Bergen Counties, 



Yet, although the State belongs to one general faunal area, 

 the fauna is by no means uniform and it offers several very 

 distinct though not sharply limited regions. These are based 

 largely upon geologic formations which cannot be discussed here ; 

 but their general boundaries and character should be briefly 

 stated. And first I wish to credit Dr. Philip P. Calvert with 

 suggesting the importance and outlining the characters of the 

 regions to avoid unnecessary elaboration in recording widely 

 distributed species, and with suggesting the designations for the 

 various regions. 



Beginning at the northwestern corner of the State we have 

 the Appalachian region, bounded at the southeast by that series 

 of elevated ridges extending northeast and southwest, beginning 

 with the Pochunck Mountain on the north, and reaching the 

 Delaware River at the Marble Mountain, just north of Easton, 

 including as part of the ridge the Scott, Jenny Jump and Alla- 

 muchy Mountains. This region contains the greatest elevations 

 in the State and resembles in character the adjacent regions of 

 Pennsylvania and New York. It has not been at all thoroughly 

 collected, Mr. Johnson's records at Dunnfield and in the Water 

 Gap region forming the most important contributions, and evi- 

 dencing the transition characters strongly. Thus far no truly 

 boreal elements have been found, but there may be a trace in the 

 unexplored sections of the mountains. 



East and a little south of the Appalachian come the Highlands, 

 fairly denned at their western border, but very irregular at the 



