THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 



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notably the "cottony maple scale," the "tulip soft scale" and the "terra- 

 pin scale" of peach. 



The armored scales are usually small in size, and the scale, although 

 excreted by the insect, forms no part of it, and may be removed without 

 necessarily injuring the creature covered by it. In this series are our 

 most destructive species and those most difficult to deal with. Some of 

 these scales are oviparous, laying eggs which winter under the protection 

 of the scale; others are viviparous, wintering in the partly grown condi< 

 tion. The "San Jose Scale" is an example of a viviparous form, and this 

 may be reached in winter when the plants are dormant by caustics, like 

 the lime and sulphur washes, or by penetrants, like the oil emulsions or 

 soluble oils. The oviparous forms, like the "oyster shell scale" and "scurfy 

 scale," cannot be satisfactorily reached in winter, but must be dealt with 

 when the young larvae are moving in spring. At that time soap mixtures 



Fig. 49. Development of an armored scale: a, active larva with lancets 

 extended; b, somewhat contracted, with waxy filaments ready to 

 run together; d, first scale just formed, from above 

 and side; all much enlarged. 



or oil emulsions of moderate strength thoroughly applied produce good 

 results. It is practically impossible to go into details of treatment here, 

 because each species must be dealt with according to its own peculiarities. 

 The scale fauna of the State is not well known. No collectors have 

 devoted themselves specifically to this family, and the records of the 

 office deal mostly with the common orchard species. In compiling this 



