THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY. 



Famil 



This family includes the "cabbage butterflies," and among them are the 

 most serious pests of this series. The butterflies are white or yellow, of 

 good size, the wings generally more or less black-bordered and with black 

 discal spots. The fore tarsi are complete in both sexes, hence these, in 

 common with the following families, are six-footed butterflies. The 

 chrysalis is angulated and girthed at its middle as well as fastened at 

 the tail. 



The caterpillars are cylindrical, usually green, often velvety in ap- 

 pearance, without spines or other processes. Some feed on cabbages 

 and cruciferous plants generally, others on clovers and leguminous plants. 

 When these caterpillars occur on cabbage and similar cultivated plants 

 they may be dealt with by arsenites, applied early in the season. If Paris 

 green is used there should be one pound of resin soap to each 100 gal- 

 lons of water to give better adhesion. If arsenate of lead is used it 

 should be applied with force in a fine spray; but even here the soap 

 will be an advantage. 



PIERIS Schranck. 



P. protodice Bdv. Occurs through- 



out the State south of the red 



shale line and sometimes a lit- 



tle to the north of it. Lake 



Hopatcong (Pm) and Pater- 



son VII, 22-30 (Gr), are the 



only records from the north- 



ern part of the State. Some 



seasons it is very common 



throughout its range, and then 



for several years in succession 



only isolated examples are 



seen, or it may be entirely 



absent. 

 The variety "vernalis" W. H. Edw., has been taken at Paterson VII, 26 



(Gr); Riverton IV, 16 (Jn) ; Camden V (Carney) and 5-mile beach V 



(Haim). 

 Eggs were found on pepper plants by Mr. Grossbeck VIII, 28, and 



crucifers3 generally are known as food plants of the species. 

 P. oleracea Bdv. Paterson V, 5 (Gr) ; Camden (Carney) ; -occurs occa- 



sionally throughout the State, but more frequently in the northern 



portion. It is our native cabbage butterfly, which has been almost 



exterminated and driven out by the imported species. Only occa- 



sional examples are now found by collectors; in some years none at 



all. 

 P. rapse Linn. March to November, throughout the State. This is the 



common cabbage butterfly, introduced from Europe, and which has 



27 IN 



Fig. 175. Pieris protodice: female adult; 

 natural size. 



