420 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 



P. philenor Linn. Throughout the State, sometimes common; the larva 

 on the "Dutchman's pipe," "Aristolochia sipho," which it sometimes 

 defoliates completely. There are three broods and specimens occur 

 from May to October; one record, by Mr. Davis, as late as Novem- 

 ber 2. 



P. polyxenus Fab. Throughout the State, April to October, and the 

 most common of our swallow-tail butterflies. The larvae feed on 

 carrot, parsley, celery and similar plants, and are sometimes abund- 

 ant enough in gardens to be injurious. Hand-picking is usually the 

 most satisfactory method of control, though arsenate of lead is 

 effective where it can be safely used. 



P. palamedes Dru. Fairview, fide Wrms. A ragged specimen, visitor 

 rather than native. 



P. troilus Linn. Not rare throughout the State, April to October, wher- 

 ever the food plants occur. Feeds on sassafras, spice-bush and 

 "Laurus." 



P. turn us Linn. Throughout the State, sometimes common, May to Sep- 

 tember. It is the largest of our common butterflies, conspicuous by 

 its yellow color and black transverse bands. There is a black 

 variety of the female, known as "glaucus," which is rare in New 

 Jersey, but more abundant to the south and west. The larva feeds 

 on a great variety of orchard and other trees, but is never plentiful 

 enough to cause injury. 



P. thoas Linn. Very occasional throughout the State and even larger 

 than the "turnus." Records of actual captures are from Paterson 

 VIII, 12 (Gr); Ft. Lee (Bt), Newark and Orange Mts. (div) ; Staten 

 Island VIII, IX (Ds) ; New Brunswick (Sm); Trenton (Aaron). The 

 larva feeds on orange, prickley ash and hop-tree (Ptella) ; in Florida 

 it is known as the "Orange dog." 



Family HESPERID'^. 



These are the "skippers," so called because of their low, jerky flight. 

 They are usually small, stout butterflies, with tawny, black or smoky 

 wings, which may or may not be spotted or marked with black or white. 

 The head is broad between the eyes, the antennas are widely separated at 

 the point of insertion, their club gradual and pointed, usually a little 

 recurved at tip. All the legs are fully developed. At rest these butter- 

 flies have the forewings vertical as in the preceding families, but the hind 

 wings are held horizontally. 



The larvae have large heads, separated by a distinct neck from the rest 

 of the body, and they feed mostly on grasses, none of them being of 

 economic importance. The pupse are rounded, usually more or less incased 

 in a slight cocoon and thus somewhat resembling the moths. 



