520 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 



S. rubrostigma Kell. Breeds in galls of "Andricus davisi" on "Quercus 

 nana," often in company with "scitula," Ft. Lee and Lakehurst (En- 

 gelhardt). 



S. sigmoidea Beut. Has been bred out of willow, by Mr. Joutel, in Van 

 Cortland Park, New York City, and will almost certainly be found in 

 New Jersey. 



S. pyralidiformis Wlk. (Carmenta) Staten Island VIII (Ds) ; Collings- 

 wood VIII, 16 (Kp); Lakehurst, common (Engelhardt) ; Lucaston VIII, 

 27, IX, 9 (div) ; the larva in the roots of boneset and locally abundant. 



Family PYRALID^. 



This consists of a large number of moderate-sized or small moths 

 varying greatly in appearance, and having no one superficial character 

 that makes them always recognizable. Structurally they agree in having 

 the secondaries with three free inner veins the costal and sub-costal 

 united for a short distance. The sub-families are as a rule more easily 

 recognizable and have characters that make the bulk of the species 

 placeable almost at sight. 



The "Pyraustinse" have rather thinly scaled wings, the primaries 

 pointed, secondaries never larger and sometimes very small. The colors 

 are predominatingly yellowish and whitish with deeper yellow or almost 

 transparent markings. Sometimes they are contrastingly white and 

 black and a few are red, brown or of other shades. The body is as a 

 rule slender, abdomen very long, head distinct, antennae slender, in the 

 males sometimes knotted or thickened. The larvae are nearly always 

 green with pale stripes and spots or without any markings at all. The 

 head, a shield on the dorsum of the first thoracic segment and some- 

 times the tubercles are shining black or yellow. They live usually in 

 webs or tents, and may be solitary, as is the rule, or social. 



The ''Nymphulinae" are similar but smaller, more brightly colored 

 species with a tendency to narrower wings and angulated primaries. 

 The larvae tend to feed on water plants, and some of them are really 

 semi-aquatic in habit. 



The "Scopariinae" are broader winged, dull ashen gray or blackish 

 species with broader secondaries and raised scales in the primaries ; 

 especially in the males. 



The "Pyralinas" vary more than the preceding in color and in wing 

 form. But as a rule the primaries are trigonate with reddish or brown 

 colors, the secondaries proportionate, tending to continue the markings 

 of the primaries. Some, however, have the fore-wings broad and shoul- 

 dered, almost like the Tortricidae. In this family we have the hay worms 

 and other web-worms attacking stored products. It contains proportion- 

 ately more troublesome species than any of the other sub-families, 

 although none are destructive to growing vegetation. 



The "Chrysauginae" contain gray and blackish species, the primaries 

 more or less shouldered, the secondaries usually without markings and 

 broader than primaries. There are no injurious species. 



