INDEX 
489 
tion of fossil elephants, 87 ; origin of 
Cervidae, 110 ; middle Miocene 
fauna, 112 ; fossil-beds of western 
America, 119, 120 ; faunal phases 
in North America, 120—122 ; cause 
of extinction of species, 146 ; Oligo- 
cene horses, 147 ; Lower Pleistocene 
mammals, 153 ; mammal horizons, 
correlation of, 226, 227 ; Eocene 
affinities between Europe and North 
America, 228 ; Oligocene affinities 
between Europe and America, 229, 
230, 294, 357 ; on Miocene and Plio¬ 
cene faunas, 230, 231 ; origin of 
Central America, 243 ; armadillo in 
Eocene beds of North America, 244; 
dispersal of manatees, 279 ; geo¬ 
logical evolution of South America, 
341, 342 ; origin of North Ameri¬ 
can bears, 351 ; tapirs in North 
America, 352, 353 ; Miocene eden¬ 
tates in North America, 358, 402, 
409 ; Miocene sea in Amazon valley, 
360 ; Eocene deposits in Patagonia, 
367 ; on absence of land-connection 
between South America and Old 
World, 371 ; ancestors of camels, 
407 ; Antarctic continent, 419 
Osgood, reindeer in Alaska, 5 ; on 
Scaphoceros, 155 
Ostriches, present and former range, 
373, 374 
Otocryptops, 382 
Otostomus (see Drymaeus). 
Otter, in Newfoundland, 56 ; in Pleis¬ 
tocene deposits, 153 
Ovibos, distribution, 6—9, 86 ; an¬ 
cestry, 154, 155 ; moschatus mac- 
kenzicinus, 59 
Ovis, nivicola, 85, 86, 105 ; borealis, 
86 ; canadensis, 104 ; scaphoceras, 
105 ; cavifrons, 155 
Oxystyla undata, 176 
Oxytelus, 391 
P 
Pacific continent, evidence for the 
former existence of, 321—328 ; pro¬ 
bable subsidence before Tertiary 
Era, 328 
Pacific land-belt, theory of, 409, 410, 
427—429 ; southern faunistic affi¬ 
nities explained, 426 
Pacific islands, geological formation 
of, 322, 326 
Packard, Labrador fauna and flora, 
27; subterranean faunas, 165; South 
Atlantic land-bridge, 381 
Paddle-fish in Mississippi, 88, 89 
Pagenstecher, affinities of Greenland 
lepidoptera, 22 ; lepidoptera of 
Rocky Mountains and Europe, 117 ; 
butterflies of Florida, 179 ; Cali¬ 
fornian butterflies and moths, 214 ; 
on Antillean lepidoptera, 289 
Palaemonetes, 291 
Palaeolagus, 226 
Palaeolama, 406 
Palaeomastodon, 358 
Palaeomeryx, 112 
Palpigrada, 217 
Panama, isthmus of, geology of, 236, 
237 ; date of submergence of, 238; 
sunken land westward of, 331 
Pangolin, 372 
Pamolopus, 281 i 
Panopeus bermudensis, 333 
Paramylodon, 153 
Parascalops breweri, 142 
Parastacidae, 420, 424, 426, 432 
Parastacus, 405 
Pardosa groenlandica, 36 
Parnassius, range of genus, 90, 91 ; 
nomion, 90 ; sminthus, 90 ; thor, 
90 ; clodius, 90 ; clarius, 90 
Paroxya bermudensis, 189 
Parrot, Florida, 159, 172 ; in Central 
America, 250 ; showing affinity be¬ 
tween Africa and America, 373 
Parus, 56 
Patagonia, fossil fauna of, 398 — 404 ; 
land-connection with western North 
America, 402 ; affinities to south 
Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, 
405—416 
Patula, solitaria, 72 ; striatella, 72 
Paulcke, cretaceous deposits in South 
America, 359 
Paulmier (see Eckel). 
Peccary in North America, 153, 156 
Pectinator, 372 
