CONTENTS 
CHAPTER I 
THE FAUNA OF GREENLAND 
PAGE 
Description of Greenland—The reindeer and its origin—Tho 
Arctic musk ox — The lemming and Arctic hare — On the 
ancient land connections between Greenland and the adjoining 
continents — On the cause of the Ice Age — The marine fauna of 
the North Atlantic cited as evidence in favour of a northern 
land connection — Did the fauna of Greenland survive the Ice 
Age in the country ? — The snails of Greenland quoted in support 
of this theory — On the supposed polar origin of life — General 
faunistic affinities of Greenland with other northern countries . 1-25 
CHAPTER II 
TIIE FAUNA OF NORTH-EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 
Description of the general features of Labrador and its fauna — The 
voles and jumping mice — On some northern frogs — The origin 
and distribution of the moose deer — The fauna of the White 
Mountains and its origin — Pre-Glacial relict colonies in tho 
North-East—Supposed effect of the Ice Age on the fauna — 
Were the animals driven south by the cold P — On mild inter¬ 
glacial phases of the Glacial Epoch — Foraminifera in the Glacial 
drift deposits — The relict fauna of the Great Lakes — The 
fishes of the Great Lakes and their origin — Distribution and 
geological history of the fresh-water mussel Margaritana—The 
past history of the Great Lakes—The fauna of Newfoundland 26-57 
CHAPTER III 
THE ANIMALS OF THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST 
The Mackenzie basin and its fauna — The lemmings and gophers 
—On American ptarmigans — The past history of the bison and 
its gradual destruction—On the distribution and origin of 
the wapiti deer — The Canadian tree - porcupine—On the 
molluscan fauna of the north-west and its relationship . 58-73 
