494 
INDEX 
Solenodontidae, 282 
Sollas, coral-boring at Funafuti, 321 
“ Sonoran ” region, 196 
Sonorella, 206 
Sorex, tundrensis, 92 ; glacialis, 
92 ; pribilof ensis, 92 
South America, northern animals in, 
235 ; climate and fauna, 336, 337 ; 
past geography, 338—345, 359, 360 ; 
faunistic affinities of, 344—350 ; 
affinity with European Tertiary 
fauna, 355 ; relationship with 
Madagascar, 375 ; affinity with 
Africa, 368 — 383 
South Orkney islands, 433 
South - Western States, 196 ; as 
original home of eastern forms, 
197 ; gradual desiccation of, 200— 
204 ; affinity with Europe, 205 — 231. 
Sparassodonta, 373 
Speight, geology of mid - Pacific 
islands, 327 
Spelerpes, age of genus, 172, 221, 246; 
in Antilles, 281 ; in South America, 
347; orizabensis, 137; leprosus, 137; 
chiropterus, 137 ; fuscus, 138, 221; 
infuscatus, 281 
Spencer, pre-Glacial elevation of land, 
14, 15 ; drainage of Great Lakes 
in pre-Glacial times, 54 ; elevation 
and submergence of Florida, 169, 
170 ; Cuban cave fossils, 285 ; West 
Indian land-bridge, 286 ; Antillean 
continent, 293 
Spermophilus (see Citellus). 
Spethmann, land-bridge between 
Europe and Greenland, 18 
Sphaeroniscus, 190 
Spherilloninae, 320 
Sphingidae, 117 
Spider, silk, in Bermuda, 190, 191; 
spiders of Central America, 258 ; 
of St. Helena, 388, 389 
Spinus, 56 
Standfuss, affinities of Vanessa, 91 
Stapf, arctic grasses found in Argen¬ 
tina, 416 
Staten island, 429 
Stearns, on Galapagos islands, 291 ; 
accidental dispersal, 300, 306 ; mol- 
lusca of Galapagos, 305 
Stebbing, on Cambaroides, 218 
Steiromys, 71, 403 
Stejneger, on origin of reindeer, 5 ; 
range of ptarmigan, 62 ; land- 
bridge between Asia and North 
America, 83 ; distribution of Cin- 
clus, 113 ; distribution of ground- 
lizard, 124 ; on Tropidonotus, 129 ; 
discoglossoid toads, 204 ; Antillean 
reptiles and amphibia, 288 
Stenamma icestivoodi, 215 
Stenogyridae, 192 
Stewart, botany of Galapagos, 315, 
316 
St. Helena, fauna, affinities of, 386— 
391 ; flora, 391, 392 
Stichel and Riffarth, on Heli - 
coniidae, 368 
Stilauchenia, 406 
Stimpson, Mysis relicta in Lake 
Michigan, 48 
Stoll, mites of Guatemala, 257, 258 
Stomion, 413 
Strand, distribution of arctic spiders, 
21 
Strebel, on Orthalicinae , 270 
Streptaxidae, 348 
Strobilops labyrinthica, 31 
Strobilus, 272 
Strophocheilus, 362 
Struthio, 374 
Sturgeon, shovel-nosed, 88 
Stygicola dentatus, 290 
Subulina, 272, 380 
Succinea, in Galapagos, 306, 308 ; in 
St. Helena, 390 ; groenlandica, 21, 
24 ; bermudensis, 192, 193 ; barba- 
densis, 192 
“ Suckers,” 89 
Suess, ancient land “ Laurentia,” 26 ; 
absence of land-connection with 
Asia in Pliocene times, 84 ; great 
Pliocene subsidence of land, 195 ; 
Cape Region of California, 199 ; 
north Atlantic land-bridge, 229, 
231 ; distinctness of Central 
America from North and South, 237, 
261 ; Antillean mountain system, 
263 ; permanence of ocean basins, 
276, 387 ; Galapagos islands a con¬ 
tinuation of American mountain 
