XVI 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
FIG. 
13. Map of the West Indian Area, showing the position of the 
principal islands ......... 
14. Map of North and South America, indicating roughly the 
supposed conditions of land and water about the commence¬ 
ment of the Tertiary Era ....... 
15. Map of the World, showing the conditions of land and water 
in upper Cretaceous times according to Dr. Ortmann (repro¬ 
duced with the author’s permission) ..... 
16. Map of North and South America, indicating roughly the 
supposed conditions of land and water about the middle of 
the Tertiary Era. 
17. Map of the World, showing the conditions of land and water 
during the Eocene Period, according to Dr. von Ihering 
(reproduced with the author’s permission) .... 
18. Map of South America (reproduced from Meiklejohn’s oroscopic 
maps, by permission of Messrs. Meiklejohn & Son) 
19. Map indicating the distribution of the snail Clausilia in the 
Mediterranean region, in Africa and America, with an inset 
figure of Clausilia (Nenia) ....... 
20. Map of the World, showing the conditions of land and water 
in lower Tertiary times, according to Dr. Ortmann (repro¬ 
duced with the author’s permission) ..... 
21. Map of the World, showing the conditions of land and water 
in late Cretaceous and basal Eocene times, according to 
Professor Osborn (reproduced with the author’s permission) 
PAG 
262 
280 
292 
294 
314 
336 
349 
382 
419 
