198 Scientific Intelligence. — Arls. 



substitute this article in the room of cobalt in the bluing of 

 paper, thread, and stuff in which this material is employed. 

 The discoverer has purchased a situation three leagues from 

 Lyons, in which he is about to establish a manufactory, on 

 a scale sufficiently large to supply the demands of commerce. 

 M. Guimet has proved, by trial, that a pound of his ultra- 

 marine, of the second quality, and which can be afforded at 

 twenty francs, will blue as much paper as ten pounds of cobalt, 

 which, at wholesale, costs twenty-six francs ; and an important 

 advantage of the former is, that, on account of its lightness, 

 it spreads more uniformly over the paper. Since his suc- 

 cess in his application of the new colour, he has tried it in dye- 

 ing, and has obtained, upon linen, cotton, and silk, a degree of 

 success which encourages the hope of an ultimate and decided 

 superiority over indigo. In his printed circular, M. Guimet of- 

 fers his ultramarine for bluing paper at sixteen francs. — Report 

 of M. Merimee to the Societe df Encouragement ; Bull. (TEncour. 

 April 1831. 



STATISTICS. 



22. Ancient Price of Labour. — In the year 1352, 25th Edward 

 III, wages paid to haymakers was but Id. a-day. A mower of 

 meadows 3d. per day, or 5d. an acre. Reapers of corn, in the 

 first week of August 2d. ; in the second, 4d., per day, and so 

 on, till the end of August, without meat, drink, or other allow- 

 ance, finding their own tools. For thrashing a quarter of wheat 

 or rye, 24d. ; a quarter of barley, beans, peas and oats, l^d. A 

 master carpenter, 3d. a-day, other carpenters 2d. per day. A 

 master mason 4d. per day, other masons 3d. a-day ; and their 

 servants l^d per day. Tilers, 3d., and their knaves l^d. 

 Thatchers 3d. per day; their knaves lid. Plasterers, and 

 other workers of mud walls, and their knaves, in the like manner, 

 without meat or drink, and this from Easter to Michaelmas ; 

 and from that time less, according to the direction of the justices 



By the 34th of Edward III, 1361, chief masters of carpenters 



and masons, 4d. a-day, and the others 3d. or 2d. as they were 

 worth. — By the 13th Richard II, 1389, the wages of a bailiff 

 of husbandry, 13s. 4d. per year, and his clothing once a year 

 at most ; the master hind, 10s. ; the carter, 10s. ; shepherd, 10s. ; 



