Scientlfii: Intelligence. — Statistks. 1 99 



oxherd, Gs. 8d. ; cowherd, 6s. 8d. ; swineherd, Gs. ; a woiiiau 

 labourer, Gs. ; a day hibourer, Gs. ; a driver of plough, 7s. From 

 this time up to the time of 23d Henry IV, the price of labour 

 was fixed by tlie justices by proclamation. — In 1445, 23d Henry 

 IV, the wages of a bailiff of husbandry was 23s. 4d. per annum, 

 and clothing of the price of 5s., with meat and drink ; chief 

 hind, carter, or shepherd, 2()s. ; clothing 4s. ; common servant 

 of husbandry, 15s.; clothing 3s. 4d. ; a woman servant 10s.; 

 clothing 4s. ; infant under fourteen years, Gs. ; clothing 3s. Free- 

 mason or master carpenter, 4d. per day ; without meat or drink, 

 5|d. Master tiler or slater, mason, or mean carpenter, and 

 other artificers concerned in building, 3d. a-day, without meat 

 and drink 45d. ; every other labourer, 2d. a-day, without meat 

 or drink 3id. a-day ; after Michaelmas to abate in proportion. 

 In time of harvest, a mower 4d. a-day ; without meat and drink, 

 Gd. ; reaper or carter, 3d. a-day, without meat and drink, 5d. ; 

 woman labourer, and other labourers, 2d. a-day, without meat 

 and drink, 4|d. per day. By the 11th Henry VII, 149G, there 

 was a like rate of wages, only with a little advance ; as, for in- 

 stance, a freemason, master carpenter, rough mason, bricklayer, 

 master tiler, plumber, glazier, carver, joiner, was allowed from 

 Easter to Michaelmas to take 4d. a-day, without meat and drink 

 6d. ; from Michaelmas to Easter to abate Id. A master having 

 under him six men, was allowed Id. a day extra. — By the Gth 

 of Henry VIII, 1515, the wages of shipwrights were fixed as 

 follows : A master ship carpenter taking the charge of the work, 

 having men under him, 5d. a-day in the summer season, with 

 meat and drink ; other ship carpenter, called a hewer, 4d. ; an 

 able clincher, 3d. ; holder 2d. ; master calker, 4d. ; a mean 

 calker, 3d. ; a day labourer by the tide, 4d. 



23. Butter. — Butter is extensively used in this and most north- 

 ern countries; that of England and Holland are reckoned the best. 

 In London, the butter of Epping and Cambridge is in the 

 highest repute : the cows which produce the former feed during 

 summer in the shrubby pastures of Epping Forest; and the 

 leaves of the trees, and numerous wild plants which there abound, 

 are supposed to improve the flavour of the butter. It is brought 

 to market in large rolls from one to two feet long, weighing one 

 pound each. The Cambridgesliire butter is produced from cows 



