42 Stanley's Memoir on a Cave at Cefn in Denbigshire, 



impossible to say ; but one remarkably fine upper molar tooth 

 of a rhinoceros, had attracted notice, and been preserved, and is 

 still in the possession of Mr Lloyd. 



This upper cave is situated in the face of a cliff running near- 

 ly N. and S., the general line of bearing of the range of rock 

 being nearly horizontal, though in some places there are slight 

 interruptions and curvatures. On the west, the face partakes 

 more or less of a perpendicular character, but it gradually shades 

 off on the eastern side, at a dip of about 10 or 12 degrees, forming 

 a portion of the western boundary to the vale of Clwyd. These 

 upper caves (for there are two of them, to the latter of which 

 as yet entirely unexplored, I shall more particularly allude at the 

 end of this paper) are at an elevation of about 40 or 50 feet 

 from the summit, and about 100 feet (I speak entirely by guess) 

 above the road passing through the perforated rock already 

 mentioned. Previous to the facilities afforded by the present 

 approaches, it could not have been very easily accessible ; an 

 active person might, indeed, without any very great effort, have 

 found his way thither, but I much doubt whether a cow or 

 horse would willingly have ventured on the ledge leading to- 

 wards it ; at all events, it was utterly beyond the reach of such 

 large and unwieldy animals as elephants, rhinoceroses, &c. ; 

 and the contracted dimensions of the cave are equally at va- 

 riance with the supposition, that had the surface of the valley 

 ever been at so high a level, they could have resorted to it as 

 a retreat. The bones of such animals must therefore have been 

 deposited by floods, or more probably by hycenas^ whose exist- 

 ence I have since satisfactorily ascertained, by the discovery of 

 several molar teeth decidedly belonging to this genus. The 

 fragments of the larger bones are, generally speaking, in a state 

 of great comminution, as if gnawed and smashed by the power- 

 ful jaws of beasts of prey. The entrance is in the form of a 

 capacious vault or porch, about 10 feet high ; on the south side 

 of which, at the distance of a few feet from each other, are two 

 perforations, through one of which certainly, (but I believe 

 both) a passage may be effected through the heart of the cliff' 

 to its south-eastern side ; and may, as the worn appearance of 

 one of these passages at least seems to indicate, have been occu- 

 pied as a temporary retreat. It is indeed on record, that about 

 seventy or eighty years ago, a mysterious being took up his 



