Valley qf'Oodipoor, -279 



excellent example of this we have a short distance to the west- 

 ward of Chitor, where, within a square surface of not a great 

 many yards, the so-called lias strata exhibit almost every variety 

 of dip and inclination. Mineral springs have invariably been 

 found to accompany or succeed the development of extensive 

 volcanic operations ; and we are entitled to conclude that India 

 formed no exception to this rule. The Gungra spring in the 

 vicinity of Chitor, and the springs of the neighbouring district 

 of Harowtee, remain to attest the truth of this fact, and to warn 

 us that the latent cause of these disturbances has not yet become 

 entirely extinct. 



There is another question connected with our subject, to 

 which I shall do little more than advert in this place. I have 

 already directed your attention to the fact, that kunkur is ob- 

 served resting on the tops of several of the hills of Mewar; and 

 I have cited a hill at Buneera as an example of this. Have the 

 kunkur beds, so circumstanced, been deposited posterior to the 

 elevation of the hills upon which they rest ? or have they been 

 upheaved to their present elevated position ? In the case of the 

 Buneera hill, at least, I am inclined to adopt the latter opinion. 

 I am aware that calcareous springs have been seen to issue from 

 the summits of hills in various parts of the world ; but there 

 are several facts connected with the occurrence of the Kunkur 

 bed in question, that seems to point to a different origin. 

 In this case, the bed is insulated, is of limited extent, exhibits 

 no trace of a laminated or divisionary structure, and contains 

 numerous imbedded portions of mineral substances, which are 

 not found associated with the rock (granite) of which the hill is 

 constituted. These consist principally of masses of quartz, of 

 agate, of agate jasper, and botryoidal haematite, exactly similar to 

 those which occur abundantly associated with a quartzose brec- 

 cia, which I have elsewhere described as a member of the great 

 sandstone series which flanks the Malwa trap. An accumula- 

 tion of such masses we would not expect to find in beds depo- 

 sited from a spring issuing from the confined summit of a rocky 

 hill; and the most natural conclusion seems to be, that the 

 kunkur bed in question owes its elevation to the upheaving 

 agency which raised the hill upon which it reposes. 



The epoch of elevation of the hill ranges of this portion of 



