contained in Coal-gas Naphtha. 119 



removed by a pipette. Sometimes it appears in exceedingly 

 minute globules, which permeate the whole of the liquid and 

 obstinately refuse to cohere. When this occurs a small quan- 

 tity of chloride of sodium is to be added, and the liquor must 

 then be allowed to repose in a moderate temperature for a few 

 days. Should this experiment be unsuccessful, nothing re- 

 mains but to extract all water by immersing in the liquid hy- 

 drate of potash, or to distil anew the whole mass with water, 

 by which means the oil is collected in drops upon the distil- 

 late. 



I obtained in this manner nearly four pounds of crude bases, 

 which still contained a considerable quantity of both oil and 

 water. The coal-gas naphtha was by no means perfectly ex- 

 hausted by this procedure, but since there was an enormous 

 quantity of this substance at my disposal, it was not necessary 

 for me to extract the whole of the contents. I obtained in in- 

 vestigations on a smaller scale, much more, in proportion ; still 

 the naphtha which I examined (making an approximate esti- 

 mation) contained scarcely more than one per cent, of basic oil. 



Separation of Cyanol and Leucol. 



For separating these two bases I deviated from Runge's 

 method. The observations which I had made in the distilla- 

 tion of the hydrochlorate combinations of the oil with lime, 

 led me very quickly to assure and easy separation. 



As a characteristic property of cyanol, Runge has mention- 

 ed its behaviour towards a solution of chloride of lime, which, 

 when in contact with the smallest proportion of this salt, as- 

 sumes a rich violet-blue colour. This, of which I shall here- 

 after treat, is not produced by leucol. When I examined two 

 separate portions of my distillate, that which came over first 

 manifested itself to be very rich in cyanol, whereas there were 

 no traces of it in the latter, as was ascertained by its not being 

 coloured in the slightest degree by a solution of the above- 

 mentioned salt. 



These experiments led me to expect that the two bases 

 could be separated from each other by distillation. I there- 

 fore submitted the oil containing cyanol to a new distillation, 

 changing the receiver as soon as the condensed liquid pro- 

 duced no blue reaction with chloride of lime. This was the 

 case when about four-fifths of the oil had distilled over. The 

 distillate possessed in a high degree the before-mentioned pe- 

 netrating smell, and was of a dark yellow colour, owing to a 

 small quantity of the brown matter, already adverted to, which 

 always accompanies the crude bases, and which, during the 

 process of distillation, continually trickles upon the sides of 



