252 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



perary, and ends at Bansha, four miles south-east of Tipperary. It 

 varies in height, but averages 1000 feet, seldom exceeding 1200 feet 

 above the sea. 



Commencing at the south end of the section, limestone is seen in the 

 vale of Aherlow, to which succeed the Yellow Sandstone and Old Red, 

 which have been described by my colleague, Mr. Wynne, and with a de- 

 scription of which I shall not detain you. On following up the section, 

 the dip is steady to the south, the angle becoming less towards the top 

 of the hill, and for some distance down on the northern slope, till you 

 come to the conglomerates at the base of the Old Red, which crop out, 

 forming escarpments in many places along the north side of the range. 

 Under the basal bed of the Old Red, gray and red Silurian rocks occur 

 for about 200 feet. It is very much cleaved, and the bedding is uncer- 

 tain. Abutting against the Silurian, and a little farther north, as if 

 dipping under it, the black shales of the coal-measures occur, brought 

 down by a great fault. This fault is extremely well marked, and can 

 be traced running nearly in a straight line E. by N". The fault produces 

 a marked feature along the north side of Slievenamuck range, which 

 contrasts very strongly with the gentle slope of the south side. 



I have estimated the throw of this fault, " supposing the Old Red to 

 have been the same thickness on the north as on the south side." At 

 5000 feet of a downthrow, the coal-measures only occur on the west end 

 of Slievenamuck, and appear to be cut off by a cross-fault. A short dis- 

 tance east of this section they dip steadily south, the angle increasing as 

 you approach the fault. Thin beds of culm are to be found in the black 

 shales, and there is a long range of quarries of flagstones, similar to the 

 flagstones of Carlow and Kilkee. In the county of Clare these flagstones 

 are marked by annelid tracks, and there are vegetable impressions in the 

 shales. 



From underneath the coal-measures the limestone rises to the surface 

 of the fertile place extending from Tipperary to Charleville, in the 

 county of Cork. The limestone is covered with a large deposit of drift, 

 and is only seen in an occasional quarry. It is generally compact, of a 

 bluish-gray colour, containing corals and other fossils. It is often very 

 difficult to discern the bedding ; but whenever the stratification is seen, 

 it dips to the south at angles from 10° to 20°. 



SOUTH 



VALE OF 

 AHERLOW 



SLIEVE.NA. 

 MUCK 



1 4- 



Scale, rertical and horizontal, 1 inch to 1 mile. 



4. Coal-measures. 2. Old Red Sandstone. 



3. Carboniferous Limestone. 1. Lower Silurian. 



