238 PROCEEDINGS OP SOCIETIES. 



depth. The list which Mr. Murray has given in his paper on " Insect- 

 Vision and Blind Insects" admits of being now enlarged by various ad- 

 ditions made since it was written. The following list, in like manner, 

 is sure to be soon antiquated by the results of the investigations so dili- 

 gently prosecuted by the Austrian naturalists. In this list the letters 

 H. and M., affixed to some of the localities, denote respectively, Hungary 

 and Moravia, provinces which have been but recently investigated in 

 this point of view. The asterisk prefixed to a genus denotes that it 

 comprises other species not exclusively subterranean ; the like before 

 the trivial name, that the species has occurred in other dark situations 

 out of the caves, though it must be considered as properly belonging to 

 these. It is to be remembered that the caves also contain an immigrant 

 Fauna, still more numerous than the aboriginal (which latter alone is 

 regarded in this list), composed of species which stray into them from 

 the outer world, or which are transported thither by the rivers that 

 traverse some of them. This nomade population is rarely absent, and 

 in many cases penetrates into the deepest recesses. Several species of 

 bats (fespertilio murinus, jRhinolophus ferrum-equinum, Miniopterus 

 Schreibersii, &c.) and pigeons find a retreat in these gloomy halls, often 

 in countless multitudes. Frogs {Rana alpina, Pelolates fuscus) and 

 newts {Triton cristatus) also occur. But the insects are much the most 

 numerous, and even winged kinds {Anthomyia, &c.) penetrate the 

 murky depths far beyond the last glimmerings of shadowy twilight. 



LIST OP THE RECORDED SUBTERRANEAN PAUNA OF THE EUROPEAN CAVES. 



VERTEBBATA. 



Amphibia. 



SIRENIDjE. 



Hypochthon Merrem. 



anguinus Laurent. Magdalena Grotto, near Adelsberg. 



ANNULATA. 



Insecta. 



COLEOPTERA. 



CARABIDAE. 



Anophthalmus Sturm. 



schmidtii St. Luegg. Pasiza. 

 bilimekii St. Sele; Adelsberg; Gottschee. 

 scopolii St. Setz, near Adelsberg. 

 hacquetii St. Krimberg. 

 hirtus St. Erimberg; Podlas. 

 redtenbacheri FrivaldsJcy. Igritz etc. (H.) 

 *Pristonychus Dejean. 



schmidtii Miller. Luegg and other caves of Carniola, 

 Illyria, etc. 



