GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. 127 



on the " Geological Map" a narrow band of calp ; but there is no sand- 

 stone in it, which is the main feature of the Calp district at Bundoran, 

 as well as at Slievebeagh. This band vanishes on the " Map" towards 

 Charleville. 



4. In Kerry, from the Old Red Sandstone near the Causeway, by 

 Lixnaw, to the coal shales on the south-east, at Crotto, there is no calp. 



5. There is no calp near Tralee in the section from the Old Eed Sand- 

 stone of Slievemish at Ballyseedy, across the limestone to the millstone 

 grit, or rather the coal shales, near Oakpark. 



6. In Cork, from the Old Eed, at the south-west end of the Galtees, 

 near Buttevant, to the coal shales near Mallow, there is no calp. 



7. In Tipperary, in a section from the Old Eed at Cahir to the mill- 

 stone grit near Cashel, none. 



8. In Wexford, though the coal shales do not appear at Hook Head, 

 there is reason to believe that the limestone is visible, at least to very 

 near its whole thickness. There is not any calp in the middle of it, 

 that is, if calp consists of black shale and sandstone of the type ima- 

 gined at Bundoran. 



9. At Carlow, as stated by Mr. Griffith, at quotation No. 11, where 

 there is a good section, the calp is wanting. In the Geological 

 Survey, on the "Map" of Carlow, a thin band is shown as calp; but 

 then it must be the black Carlow limestone flags, got a mile from the 

 town, that are turned into calp. This band is one of the varieties 

 of the limestone of which I mean to speak in the latter end of this 

 paper. 



10. From the Old Eed Sandstone near Mountrath, in the Queen's 

 County, to the coal shales at Ballyroan, there is no calp in the section. 



Mr. Griffith himself may remember a time when he considered the 

 shore all the way from Portmarnock to Malahide, in the county of Dublin, 

 to have belonged to his calp. Such was the case when the " Synopsis 

 of the Fossils of the Carboniferous Limestone of Ireland" was written 

 by Mr. M'Coy ; and it was a difference of opinion on this point that 

 caused the localities of the fossils to be omitted in the printing of that 

 work. He afterwards became convinced that that opinion was not te- 

 nable, and he put the Malahide shore into his Carboniferous Slate. I 

 merely mention this to show that there did not from the beginning ap- 

 pear to be any certain marks by which the calp could be identified. The 

 black shales below of the Carboniferous Slate were frequently confounded 

 with the black shales above the limestone, and the sandstones below, of 

 the Old Eed, and the sandstones above, of the Coal series, when found in 

 insulated patches, were often confounded with one another, and all those 

 confounded shales and sandstones got the name of Calp. 



Besides the four great Calp districts, there are some smaller ones shown 

 on the " Map" of Ireland; but those are founded on the occurrence of some 

 of the kinds of limestone, than which, perhaps, there is no rock which 

 presents a greater variety of lithological character. In colour it is gray, 

 of every shade, from nearly black to nearly white ; it is sometimes quite 

 black ; it is blue, red, brown, mottled on a red or brown ground, with 



