GERMANY, 65 



collected by him in Brazil — p. 492-519. The principal new species are Trogon 

 chrysochlorus and Bucco striolatus. Trogon violaceus Gmelin, which has been 

 generally reduced of late as a synonym to T. viridis L., is here re-established. 

 This species comes very near to T. caligatus Gould, but is larger and marked with 

 black on the front, cheeks, and throat. Alcedo venerata Gmelin, a species which 

 has been antiquated, is identified, on the authority of Lathams original specimen 

 from the Leverian Museum, as the Todirhamphus divinus of Lesson. Bucco ordii 

 Cassin and Brachygalba melanosterna Sclater obtain some further illustration, and 

 Urogalba amazonum Sclater is identified with Galbula paradisea. (Heeger) On 

 the metamorphosis of certain Diptera ; with four plates — p. 335-350. The species 

 illustrated are Lasioptera arundinis Schiner, Ceratopogon varius Winnertz, Lipara 

 lucens Mg., L. similis Schiner, Oxycera meigenii, and O. trilineata. It has es- 

 caped his notice that Perris has already published an account of the metamorphosis 

 of Lipara. The earlier states of Oxycera also have not been hitherto quite 

 unknown, as Heeger supposes, but he has given here the first description and 

 figures of the larva, &c. (Ettinghausen) Notice of the work M Physiotypia 

 plantarum austriacarura," by Ettinghausen and Pokorny ; with ten plates and 

 numerous intercalated figures — p. 407-491. This extract in itself will be a valuable 

 text-book for students of Botany who cunnot have access to the great work from 

 which it is taken, and which consists of a quarto volume of text, and five hundred 

 plates in five volumes folio, in which are represented nearly six hundred species of 

 vascular plants of Austria, selected as representatives of the various modes of dis- 

 position of the veins in the leaves, &c, as a ground for systematic characters. 

 (Fritsch) Periodical phenomena of vegetation in Austria for the year 1855 — p. 

 371-391. (Rochleder) Notices in Organic Chemistry of plant3— p. 527-530. 

 (Lang) Crystallometry of Quartz; with four plates— p. 392-397. (Leydolt) On 

 the Aerolite of Borkut in Hungary — p. 398-406. 



Vol, XXI. Parts I. and II. ; with thirty-one Plates. 1856. 

 (Rollett) Free termination of transversely-striated fibres in the interior of the 

 Muscles ; with a plate — p. 176-180. (Turck) Experimental investigation of the 

 external sphere of Sensibility of the several pairs of Spinal nerves — p. 586-589. 

 (Fitzinger) Classification and characters of the Natural families of Birds— p. 277- 

 318. The author recognizes here, " as in all the other Classes of the Vertebrata," 

 five parallel Series, each again resolved into three Orders. The first of these five 

 among the birds is constituted by removing the Psittacini from among the Scan- 

 sores in the second series to precede the Eaptorial birds at the head of the Class. 

 The same position Blainville also once assigned to his equivalent Order Prehensores. 

 In the present part, Fitzinger has exhibited his proposed arrangement in detail, 

 descending to the genera as far as the end of the Ambulatores, the second Order of" 

 the second Series Leptopodes. For this Order, so ample in its contents, he has 

 admitted the subdivision into the two sub-orders Gressorii and Conirostres. He 

 is not satisfied with the excessive multiplication of genera by some modern writers 

 on Ornithology ; accordingly we find here no less than twenty-five Synonyms 

 reduced under Fringilla, eighteen under Pipra, and not much fewer under other 

 genera. (Gycery) Oxyuris spirotheca, new species, from the intestine of Hydrophilus 

 piceus; with a plate— p. 327-332. (Reichardt) On the central system of Vascular 

 bundles in certain Umbelliferse ; with three plates — p. 133-154. From these 

 observations it would appear that this system in the stems of the Umbelliferae 

 presents no such constant relations as in some other families of Dicotyledones, and 

 affords only specific but not generic characters. On the other hand, the arrange- 

 ment of the Vascular bundles in the leaves is constant and characteristic for the 

 family. (Reissek) Alphitomyces schrcetteri, a new and singular fungus developed on 

 a solution of Caseine; with a plate — p. 323-327. (Pokorny) Application of 

 Nature printing to Microscopical objects of Botany ; with a plate in duplicate — p. 

 6-18. The impressions for this purpose require to be taken on some surface more 

 even than common paper. Glazed paper is employed here, and some of the figures 

 admit of being examined with a magnifying power up to thirty lineal diameters. 

 (Same) Application of the common Printing-press to nature printing from Botanical 



