GERMANY. 103 



such an estimate have been vastly increased of late years ; yet the most which 

 they would afford might be a comparative view of the known number of species of 

 a few conspicuous groups within some limited districts in distant parts of the globe. 

 Even for this end, a careful collation and reduction of the nominal species would 

 be almost a necessary preliminary. (Westwood, J. O.) On the oriental species 

 of Butterflies related to the genus Morpho—p. 158-160. Only commenced in the 

 present part. The two coloured plates given with this part serve to illustrate Mr. 

 Pascoe's paper on Longicorn beetles. 



GERMANY. 

 Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien. Trans- 

 actions of the Zoological and Botanical Association of Vienna. 

 8vo. Vienna. Vol. VI., with Ten Plates. A.D. 1856. 

 Zoology. — (Hanf) List of the Birds observed about the Furt-teich, near 

 Mariahof, in Upper Styria, with notices of their Natural History, provincial names, 

 &c. — p. 671-700. (Erber) Observations on the habits of Amphibia in captivity, 

 and on Zamenis cesculapii Wagler, in particular — p. 393-396. (Wankel) On 

 the Fauna of the Moravian caves — p. 467-470. (Frauenfeld) Contribution to the 

 Fauna of Dalmatia — p. 431-448. A list of insects, viz., Diptera, Neuroptera, 

 Hemiptera, and Formicidas, and of land and freshwater Mollusca, collected in this 

 province. The author notes, as peculiarly characteristic, the predominance of the 

 Bombylida? among Dipterous insects, and of the genus Clausilia among the Gas- 

 tropod Mollusks. (Schiner) Revision of the Diptera enumerated by Austrian 

 entomologists — p. 399-424. The authorities reviewed in the present part of the 

 essay are Poda, Insecta Musei Grascensis, Grsecii, a.d. 1761, and Scopoli Ento- 

 mologia Carniolica. The only result of the examination of the former of these 

 sufficiently interesting to be cited here is the observation that Schranck, while he 

 cites Tipula maxima Poda correctly, has without apparent reason altered the trivial 

 name to gigantea, under which the species is to be found in most recent works. 

 The examination of the work of Scopoli leads to conclusions of more moment for 

 the right nomenclature of the Diptera, according to the laws of scientific priority. 

 Schiner remarks with good cause on the unjust neglect with which a work, not 

 inferior to most of its contemporaries for clear and concise descriptions, has been 

 generally treated until of late, and endeavours to prepare the way for a more 

 general restitution by referring the later synonyms to the earlier names of Scopoli, 

 where 'this can be done with certainty. In the course of this discussion, he has 

 been led into some critical remarks on the doubtful application commonly made 

 of some Linnean names. (Same) Additions to the list of Austrian Asilidse in 

 Vol. V. — p. 167-174. (Same) Observations on Frauenfeld's essay on Galls 

 produced by insects, in the fifth volume of these Transactions — p. 215-224. With 

 descriptions of a new species of Clunio, C. adriaticus, and another Dipterous insect 

 of the Adriatic coast, for which the author proposes a new genus Thalassomyia in 

 the family Chironomidse. (Loew) On the Dipterous genera Microdon and Chry- 

 sotoxum — p. 599-622. From this learned and minute critical inquiry, we derive 

 the following conclusions regarding the names and synonyms of the British species 

 of these genera. Microdon: 1. apiformis Degeer ; Meigen ; Walker; — mutabilis 

 Linn. ; Fabr. ; Fallen ; Meigen ; Zetterstedt ; Walker ; — apiarius Fabr. ; La- 

 treille ; — auropubescens Latreille ; — scutellatus Schummel ; — probably also Mus- 

 canova Schranck;— to which we add Mulio mutabilis Panzer Fn. G. 82, 21. 2. 

 devius Linn. ; — piger Schranck ; — micans Meigen ; — anthinus Meigen ; — apiformis 

 Curtis ; Zetterstedt ;—fuscitarsis Schummel ;— to which may be added Stratiomys 

 conica Panzer Fn. G. 12, 21. Chrysotoxum : 1. sylvarum Meigen ; Schummel ; 

 — fasciolatum Meigen; Rondani ;— scutellalum Macquart? — arcuatum Walker. 

 2. fasciolatum Degeer ; Fallen ; — vespiforme Fabr. ; — marginatum Meigen ; 

 Schummel ; Zetterstedt ; Walker ; — costale Meigen. 3. festivum Linn. ; 

 Scopoli ; Walker ;— arcuatum Fabr. ; Fallen ; Meigen ; Macquart ; Zetterstedt. 

 4. octomaculatum Curtis ; Walker ; — intermedium Zetterstedt ; — chrysopolita 

 Rondani. 5. elegans Loew ; Zetterstedt ; — arcuatum Dumeril ; — intermedium 

 Walker, 6. bicinctum Linn. &c. (Keferstein) On Oestrus hominis— p. 637- 



