ANALYSIS OP combe's '' SYSTEM OF PHRENOLOGY." 265 



tellectual perceptions in being accompanied with a peculiar vividness 

 which every body understands, but which it is impossible to exi)ress 

 by any verbal definition. They may be called into action by the 

 presentment of the external objects naturally related to them, as 

 danger is to fear and august appearance is to reverence, or by the 

 spontaneous activity of themselves and their organs. Mr. Combe 

 distinguishes the sentiments into two kinds — those which are com- 

 mon to man and the lower animals, and those which constitute the 

 peculiarly human character. The former he denominates Self-es- 

 teem, Love of Approbation, and Cautiousness ; the latter are Bene- 

 volence, Veneration, Firmness, Conscientiousness, Hope, Wonder, 

 Ideality, Wit or Mirthfulness, and Imitation. There are, however, 

 reasons for concluding that Firmness, Imitation, and Benevolence, 

 are possessed by some of the beastial tribes. Mr. C.'s philosophy of 

 Justice is truly valuable, as affording a safe practical guide in the 

 operations of self-discipline and philanthropy. While attempting 

 to discharge the sacred duties of doing good and reforming evil, man 

 should zealously teach himself to know and to obey implicitly the 

 unerring dictates of Conscientiousness, the source of pure justice, 

 which is universal, immutable, and eternal. 



Mr. Combe's division of the intellectual faculties has them under 

 three heads — the sentient, perceptive, and reflective powers of the 

 mind. 



The Sentient. — These faculties, which are usually designated the 

 external senses, bring man and animals into communication with 

 the outward world. They are the tactile sense, or that of touch ; 

 the gustative, or that of taste ; the olfactory, or that of smell ; the 

 auditory, or that of hearing ; and the visual, or that of sight or vi- 

 sion : and, apparently, their common generic name may have been 

 originally suggested by the circumstance of their severally possess- 

 ing a set of organic appliances external to the brain, wherein every 

 distinct primary sense has its own proper actual organ, by means of 

 which every individual sentient faculty executes its own appropriate 

 function. General readers will find a rich mine of useful know- 

 ledge in this section of the System, and the experienced physiologist 

 may peruse it with advantage. 



The Perceptive. — These faculties procure knowledge of external 

 objects, their physical qualities and various relations : they form 

 ideas, and their action is attended with a sensation of pleasure ; but 

 this has less intensity than the emotions produced by the higher af- 

 fective powers or sentiments. They experience and impart the per- 



VOL. VI. NO. XX. LL 



