432 Proceedings of the British Association. 



varied geological phenomena than that which contains the source* 

 of the Tweed. The general direction of the strata is from S.-W. 

 to N.-R ; they are usually highly inclined, sometimes vertical, and 

 often horizontal, but present every degree of inclination ; the ge- 

 neral dip is to the north-west. The composition of the greywacke 

 exhibits considerable variety. 



In form, the hills approximate in a considerable degree to many 

 of the gi-anite masses of Aberdeenshire, but they never present the 

 precipices and corries, which characterize the more elevated of the 

 latter. The whole district, with its rounded, smooth-sloped moun- 

 tains, connected in elongated heaps, its long, narrow, straight, or 

 slightly tortuous valleys, its argillaceous and pebbly soil, its clear 

 and rapid streams, and its grassy vegetation, with the absence of 

 natural and the scarceness of planted wood, forms a strong contrast 

 with the mountainous districts of the middle and northern divisions 

 of Scotland, in which peaked and serrated and ridgy mountains, 

 with precipices and corries, rugged and winding valleys, slopes co- 

 vered with debris, and patched with heath and bracken, brown or 

 limpid streams fringed with birch and alder, rivers and lakes with 

 cataracts and islands, dark forests of pines and thickets of briars, 

 with other remarkable features, still, and will for ages, give interest 

 to the ancient land of the Gael. 



The object of this paper, was principally to shew the propriety of 

 taking the geology, botany, and zoology, of a district in connection, 

 the limited views which botanists too often take of the economy of 

 nature teaching them to consider as entirely destitute of interest 

 the rocks, the soil, the elevation, the temperature, and the animal 

 productions of the country whose vegetation they pretend to de- 

 scribe. 



[The following short notice by W. Gilbertson, Esq., which, with many 

 others, owing to want of time, was not read, we now communicate to our 

 readers ; and at the same time we request the author to send to Edinburgh 

 the specimens alluded to.] 



I beg leave to lay before you a few fossils for tlie purpose of illustrating 

 an elevation of the strata of this country since the creation of the present 

 existing race of animals. The situation is in the county of Lancashire, and 

 betwixt the Lune and the Mersey ; the greatest elevation at which these 

 fossils have yet been found is 350 feet above the sea, in the excavations made 

 by the Preston Water Company, at the foot of I^angridge Fell, and from 

 whose measurements this elevation was ascertained. The shells are interest- 

 ing, as being of the same species as those now found on our shores ; and 

 Abewing, therefore, that this elevation has taken place since the creatioii of 



