278 On Animals depicted on Antique Monuments, 



great numbers of which they consequently destroyed, both in 

 their games and in their triumphal exhibitions, has finally dis- 

 appeared, through the effect of causes, which, though slow, were 

 not less continued and sure ? This species, which, on account 

 of the size of its horns, could not easily find a safe retreat, has 

 the more promptly disappeared, inasmuch as the swampy marshes 

 where it was wont to dwell, have themselves dried up and disap- 

 peared. 



Besides these species, the ancients have represented a great 

 number of the other species upon their monuments. Thus we 

 recognise the common stag and the hind, the fallow deer and the 

 roebuck, the various gazelles, as well as the more common mem- 

 bers of this family, viz. the goat and the kid, the ram and the 

 ewe. Goats in an especial manner attend upon the satyrs, the 

 fawns, and all the rural divinities ; and as these are often repre- 

 sented upon antique cameos and medals, it is the same with the 

 animals peculiarly devoted to them. 



The ancients have also well distinguished the two species of 

 the camel, viz. that with two humps (Camelus bactrianus, Linn.), 

 and that which has only one, and known under the name of the 

 dromedary (C. droTnedaritis, Linn.) We are soon satisfied of 

 this by glancing the eye upon the medals consecrated to Adrian, 

 to Commodus, to Caligula and Caracalla, all of which may be 

 seen in the work of Patin, to which we have previously alluded. 

 These animals are not less abundantly found upon the medals 

 copied into the, »vork of Hauercamps, and principally on those 

 which go under the name of Emilia. 



It appears that the two species were presented to the peo- 

 ple in the fete which Ptolemy gave in honour of his father 

 Ptolemy Soter. It was in this fete, the triumph of Bacchus, 

 was represented, and in which a very great number of animals 

 were exhibited. Among these Athenaeus has distinguished the 

 elephant, the stag, the antelope, the oryx, an hundred and thirty 

 sheep of Ethiopia, three hundred of Arabia, and twenty of the 

 island of Euboea ; also white stags of India, and twenty Indian 

 oxen, remarkable for their brilliant whiteness, and eight others 

 of Ethiopia. There were, besides, a great number of leopards, 

 panthers, and white bears, of ostriches and parrots, as well as 

 a great crowd of Ethiopian birds. It also appears that there 



