330 Professor Buckland on Artesian Wells, 



a sufficient supply without boring to the present depth ; but 

 in such case the water would not have risen to the surface, so 

 as to form an overflowing Artesian well. The further con- 

 tinuation of the present deep borings may, by possibility, 

 intersect a fault, or large fissure, abounding in water, but it is 

 much more probable it would not do so ; and as it is impos- 

 sible to drive out horizontal galleries from a bore hole, it might 

 have been prudent to have driven them from that part of the 

 well where the chalk first yielded the smallest streamlets of 

 water. 



Mr Clutterbuck had ascertained that a sympathy exists 

 between deep wells more than a mile distant from each other 

 in London. Every long-continued pumping in the well at 

 Reid's brewery, in Liquorpond Street, was felt in the well 

 of the New River Water Company, in the Hampstead Road, 

 more than one mile from the brewery ; and as the number 

 of deep wells is continually increasing, each of which lowers 

 the level of those next adjacent to it, the general level to 

 which water will now rise under London has been reduced 

 many feet below that at which it stood in the first made well. 

 Mr Clutterbuck had further observed that the surface line of 

 subterranean sheets of water was not horizontal, like the sur- 

 face of a lake, but inclined at a rate varying from 14 to 20 

 feet per mile, in consequence of friction caused by the particles 

 of the strata through which those sheets of rain-water descended 

 with retarded motion to be discharged by springs. This in- 

 clination of the subterranean water line in the chalk of Hert- 

 fordshire had been found by Mr Clutterbuck to be nearly at 

 the rate of 20 feet per mile in the chalk between Sir John 

 Sebright ""s park at Beechwood and the town of Watford, and 

 14 feet per mile in the chalk under tertiary strata in some 

 parts of the basin of London. The engineers of the South- 

 ampton railway had found a similar fall of about 16 or 17 feet 

 per mile in the wells at the railway stations between Basing- 

 stoke and Southampton. 



He would now congratulate this town on the recently dis- 

 covered evidence of another valuable source of water, of great 

 importance to its inhabitants. A true Artesian well, overflow- 

 ing from a depth of 220 feet, had just been completed at the 



