40 THRKE DAYS IN CAERNARVONSHIRE. 



entering amongst the primary formations. These deep cuttings at Monckton 

 Moor furnish us with a good section by the aid of which to study the 

 permian deposits. On the north the lower parts of the valleys of the Nidd 

 and Wharfe unfold a varied 'panorama. We plunge into the long dark 

 tunnel that pierces the Brawtrope ridge, and emerges again on the edge 

 of a land of many-windowed and tall-chimneyed factories. Kirkstall with 

 its Abbey, Headingly with its Botanic Gardens, and at last the Aire is 

 reached, and where streets are thickest, and the smoke is densest, we arrest 

 our course at the far-famed metropolis of the woollen manufacture — Leeds. 



Westward ho! Wortley, Churwell and Morley, Birstall, with its grim- 

 looking shoddy mills, Dewsbury, Mirfield Junction, and Staleybridge. Another 

 long dark tunnel, and we are through the Pennine ridge, and in the 

 county of Lancaster. Ashton Mills Platting, and, last of all, Manchester 

 the mighty. An interval of rest, and then again forward. Westward ho! 

 Through a flat low-lying country, plentifully interspersed with bogs and 

 pits, past Newton, and through a district well known by report, at least 

 to the readers of the "Bryologia Britannica." Gradually a forest of masts 

 dawns upon the sight, and we are landed before long in the heart of the 

 second city of the empire. 



After an unsuccessful search for the Bryum cochlear if olium, recently dis- 

 covered by F. P. Marratt, Esq., at Wavertree, a fine morning found me 

 on board the Bangor boat "Anglesea," in company with my esteemed 

 relative Robert W. K. Long, of Egremont, and we were soon steaming 

 down the river at a rapid rate. As we glided along, opposite to them, 

 the ^'Red Noses" and sand-hills of New Brighton were gradually enveloped 

 by a thick mist which effectually concealed them from view. We began 

 to fear the weather would not prove propitious to our excursion, but be- 

 fore long were delighted to find the unpardonable symptoms vanish away, 

 and to descry the massive bulk of the Great Ormeshead rising to view in 

 the distance. Reaching Llandudno, we stayed for a short time to land 

 passengers. As we entered the Menai we were regaled by an extempora- 

 neous concert of vocally inclined Laridce, collected together on the lime- 

 stone cliffs, which rise abruptly from the sea. Steaming through the strait, 

 we passed Beaumaris on the right, where the profuse growth of Fucus 

 serratus, in the vicinity of the landing-stage attracted our especial attention. 

 Proceeding a little further down, we landed on the Anglesea side, and 

 after crossing that magnificent production of art, the suspension-bridge, 

 took up our quarters, pro tern, at the George Hotel. 



If the views respecting the influence of the subjacent rocks upon the 

 distribution of species recently advanced by my valued friend John G. Baker, 

 at the meeting of the British Association at Glasgow be correct, the mus- 

 cology of the Silurian mountains of North Wales, should even at equal 



