Mar. 26. 1853.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



307 



10. John Harding, Bishop of Bombay, Au^. 10, 

 1851, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted 

 by the Bishop of London and Bishop Carr, 



11. Hibbert Binney, Bishop of Nova Scotia, 

 March 25, 1851, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, 

 assisted by the IBishops of London, Chichester, and 

 Oxford. 



12. John Lonsdale, Bishop of Lichfield, was 

 consecrated in the chapel of Lambeth Palace. 



I believe A. S. A. will find all his Queries an- 

 swered in the above list ; but as he may wish to 

 know the names as well as the titles of the conse- 

 crating Bishops, I subjoin a list of them. 



Li the consecration of the first six bishops in 

 the list, the Archbishop of Canterbury was Dr. 

 William Howley ; In all the others he was Dr. 

 John Bird Sumner. The Bishop of Lincoln, 

 wherever mentioned, was Dr. John Kaye. The 

 Bishop of Llandaff was Dr. E. Coplestone ; the 

 Bishop of London was Dr. C. J. Blomfield ; the 

 Bishop of Bangor, Dr. Christopher Bethell; the 

 Bishop of Worcester, Dr. H. Pepys ; the Bishop 

 of Rochester, Dr. George Murray ; the Bishop of 

 Hereford, Dr. Thomas Musgrave ; the Bishop of 

 Lichfield, Dr. John Lonsdale ; the Bishop of Cal- 

 cutta, Dr. Daniel Wilson ; the Bishop of Win- 

 chester, Dr. C. R. Sumner ; the Bishop of Oxford, 

 Dr. Samuel Wilberforce ; the Bishop of Salisbury, 

 Dr. Edward Denison ; the Bishop of Chichester, 

 Dr. A. T. Gilbert ; the Bishop of Norwich, Dr. 

 Samuel Hinds ; the Bishop of Toronto, Dr. John 

 Strachan. Tybo. 



Dublin. 



(Vol. vii., p. 107.) 



The question of C. G. supplies a new Instance 

 of an ancient and heroic word still surviving In a 

 local name. The only other places In England 

 that I have as yet heard of are, Grindleton in the 

 West Riding of Yorkshire, and a Gryndall In the 

 East Riding. The authority for this latter Is Mr. 

 Williams' Translation of Leo's Anglo- Saxon Names, 

 p. 7., note 3. 



In old England, the name was probably not 

 uncommon : It occurs In a description of land- 

 marks In Kemble's Codex Dipt, vol. ii. p. 172. : 

 " on grendles mere." 



There is a peculiar interest attaching to this 

 word ; or, I might say, it is Invested with a peculiar 

 horror, as being the name of the malicious fiend, 

 the man-enemy whom Beowulf subdues in our 

 eldest national Epic : 



" Wses se grimma gasst Grendel haten. 

 Mare mearc-stapa, se \>& moras heold. 

 Fen and faesten — fifel-cynnes card 



Won-s£eli wer " 



Beowulf, 1. 203. seqq Ed. Kemble. 



So he is introduced in the poem, when. In the 

 dead of night, he comes to the hall where the 

 warriors are asleep, ravlning for the human prey. 

 The following Is something like the meaning of the 

 lines : — 



" Grendel h'lght the grisly guest, 

 Dread master he of waste and moor, 

 The fen his fastness — fiends among, 

 Bliss-bereft " 



This awful being was no doubt In the mind of 

 those who originated the name grendles mere, 

 before quoted from Kemble. The name is applied 

 to a locality quite In keeping with the ancient 

 mythological character of Grendel, who held the 

 moor and the fen. Most strikingly does the same 

 sentiment appear in the name of that strange 

 and wilderlng valley of the Bernese Oberland, la 

 Switzerland : — I mean the valley of Grindelwald, 

 with its two awful glaciers. 



But when we come to consider the etymology 

 of the name, we are led to an object which seems 

 Inadequate, and Incapable of acting as the vehicle 

 for these deep and natural sentiments of the In- 

 human and the horrible. 



Grendel means, originally, no more than a har 

 or rod, or a palisade or lattice-work made of such 

 bars or rods. Also a bar or bolt for fastening a 

 door, or for closing a harbour. Middle-aged 

 people at Zurich recollect when the old "Grlndel" 

 was still standing at the mouth of their river. 

 This was a tremendous bar, by which the water- 

 approach to their town could be closed against an 

 enemy ; who might otherwise pass from the Lake 

 of Zurich down the river Limmat, Into the heart 

 of the town of Zurich. 



It was In Germany that this word lived longest 

 as a common substantive. There Is no known 

 Instance of It In Anglo-Saxon, other than -In 

 proper names, and of these I know no more than 

 are already enumerated above ; Avhereas, In the 

 Middle High German, it Is by no means uncommon. 

 It occurs In a mystery on the resurrection pre- 

 served in this dialect, and edited by Ettmiiller, 

 1851 {Dat Spil fan der Upstandinge) . 1 cannot 

 now find the line, but it is used there for " the 

 gates of hell." Cf. also Ziemann's Mittelhoch- 

 deutsches Worterbrich, voc. Grindel. 



Grimm, in his Mythology, establishes a con- 

 nexion between Grendel and LoJd, the northern 

 half-deity half-demon, the origin of evil. He was 

 always believed to have cunningly guided the 

 shaft' of Floder the Blind, who, in loving sport, 

 shot his brother Balder the Gay, the beloved of 

 gods and men. So entered sorrow into the 

 hitherto unclouded Asaland. 



Grimm draws attention to the circumstance 

 that Loki Is apparently connected with the wide- 

 spread root which appears in English In the forms 

 lock and latch. Here is a very striking analogy, 



