April 2. 1853.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



335 



humbler birth and descent than any of his other 

 biographers. Hear him in his own words : 



" Our succeeding (Cheshire) collectors form a family 

 harmonic trio, a father, son, and grandson, of the sur- 

 name of Chaloner, and of the several Christian names, 

 Thomas, Jacob, and James. Thomas was an arms- 

 painter in Chester about 1594 ; he knew the value of 

 learning sufficiently to give his son a better education 

 than he received himself. And this son followed the 

 same occupation in Chester, and made collections, 

 about the year 1620. But it was James, the grandson, 

 who reflected the greatest credit upon his family, by a 

 very concise, accurate, and sensible account of tlje Isle 

 of Man, printed at the end of King's Vale Royal, in 

 1656. He laid the foundation of a learned education 

 in our much honoured college (Brazennoze) ; and 

 when the parliament invested Lord Fairfax with the 

 Seignory of Man, he was one of his lordship's three 

 commissioners for settling the affairs of that island. 

 The antiquarian collections of all the three Chaloners 

 are valuable." 



Without specially binding myself to either one 

 of these conflicting testimonies, I may be allowed 

 to suggest that, apart from any proof to the con- 

 trary, the Inference that he was a native of Chester 

 is a perfectly fair and legitimate one. His Short 

 Treatise of the Isle of Man, which was the only 

 work he ever sent to press, was printed at the 

 end of that famous Cheshire work, the Vale Royal 

 of England, In 1656, and was illustrated with en- 

 gravings by Daniel King, the editor of that work, 

 himself a Cheshire man. Independent of this, his 

 biographer Wood Informs us that he was " a sin- 

 gular lover of antiquities," and that he "made 

 collections of arms, monuments, &c., in Stafford- 

 shire, Salop, and Chester" the which collections 

 are now, I believe, In the British Museum.* He 

 made no collections for Yorkshire, nor yet for 

 London, where he Is stated by Wood to have been 

 born. One thing is certain, James Chaloner of 

 Chester was living at the time this treatise was 

 written, and was, moreover, a famous antiquary, 

 and a collector for this, his native county ; but 

 whether he was, de facto, the regicide, or merely 

 his cotemporary, I leave it to older and wiser 

 heads to determine. T. Hughes. 



Chester. 



"anywhen" and " seldom-when :" unobserved 



INSTANCES or SHAKSPEAEe's USE OF THE LATTER. 



(VoLvii., p. 38.) 



Mr. Fraser's remark about the word anywhen 

 has brought to my mind two passages in Shak- 



* [In the Harleian Collection, No. 1927., will be 

 found « A paper Book in 8vo., wherein are contained, 

 Poems, Impreses, and other Collections in Prose and 

 Verse; written by Thomas Chaloner and Handle 

 Holme, senior, both Armes- Painters in Chester, with 

 other Notes of less value." .— Ed.J 



speare which have been always hitherto rendered 

 obscure by wrong printing and wrong pointing. 

 The first occurs in Measure for Measure, Act IV. 

 Sc. 2., where the Duke says : 



" This is a gentle provost : seldom-when 

 The steeled gaoler is the friend of men." 



Here the compound word, signifying rarely, not 

 often, has been always printed as two words ; and 

 Mr. Collier, following others, has even placed a 

 comma between seldom and when. 



The other passage occurs In the Second Part of 

 King Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 4. ; where Worces- 

 ter endeavours to persuade the king that Prince 

 Henry will leave his wild courses. King Henry 

 replies : 



" 'Tis seldom-when the bee doth leave her comb 

 In the dead carrion." 



Here also the editors have always printed it as 

 two words ; and, as before, Mr. Collier here re- , 

 peats the comma. 



That the word was current with our ancestors, 

 is certain ; and I have no doubt that other in- 

 stances of it may be found. We have a similar 

 compound in Chaucer's Knight's Tale, v. 7958. ; 



" I me rejoyced of my lyberte, 

 That selden-tyme is founde in mariage." 



Palsgrave, too, in his Eclaircissement de la Langue 

 Frangoise, 1530, has — 



" Seldom-what, Gueres souvent." 



Seldoni'when, as far as my experience goes, 

 seems to have passed out of use where archaisms 

 still linger ; but anywhen may be heard any day 

 and every day In Surrey and Sussex. Those 

 who would learn the rationale of these words will 

 do well to consult Dr. Richardson's most excel- 

 lent Dictionary, under the words An, Any, When, 

 and Seldom. 



This Is at least a step towards Mr. Eraser's 

 wish of seeing anywhen legltimatlsed ; for what 

 superior claim had seldom-when to be enshrined 

 and immortalised in the pages of the poet of the 

 world? S.W. Singer. 



Manor Place, South Lambeth. 



CHICHESTER: LAV ANT. 



(Vol.vii.,p.269.) 



Your correspondent C. affirms, as a mark of the 

 Roman origin of Chichester, that " the little stream 

 that runs through it is called the Lavant, evidently 

 from lavando!" Now nobody, as old Camden 

 says, " has doubted the Romanity of Chichester ; " 

 but I am quite sure that the members of the 

 Archajological Institute (who meet next summer 

 upon the banks of this same Lavant) would de- 

 jcidedly demur to so singular a proof of it. 



