472 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 185. 



128 pages, inclusive of Preface, the author has 

 never yet. been ascertained. 



Mr. M'CuUoch accords to it, and very de- 

 servedly, the highest praise. He styles it {Litera- 

 ture of Political Economy, p. 100.) "a profound, 

 able, and most ingenious tract;" and observes 

 that he has " set the powerful influence of the 

 division of labour in the most striking point of 

 view, and has illustrated it with a skill and felicity 

 •which even Smith has not surpassed, but by which 

 he most probably profited." Addison's admirable 

 paper in The Spectator (No. 69.) on the advan- 

 tages of commerce, is only an expansion of some 

 of the paragraphs in this pamphlet. In some 

 parts I think he has scarcely equalled the force of 

 his original. Take, for instance, the following 

 sentences, which admit of fair comparison : 



" We taste the spices of Arabia, yet never feel the 

 scorching sim which brings them forth ; we shine in 

 silks which our hands liave never wrought ; we drink 

 of vineyards which we never planted ; the treasures of 

 those mines are ours which we have never digged ; we 

 only plough the deep, and reap the harvest of every 

 country in the world." — Advantages of East India 

 Trade, p. 59. 



" "Whilst we enjoy the remotest products of the 

 north and south, we are free from those extremities of 

 weather which give them birth : our eyes are refreshed 

 with the green fields of Britain, at the same time that 

 our palates are feasted with fruits that rise between the 

 tropics." — Spectator, No. 69. 



Mr. M'Culloch makes no conjecture as to the 

 probable author of this very able tract ; but it 

 appears to me that it may on good grounds be 

 ascribed to Henry Martyn, who afterwards — not 

 certainly in accordance with the enlightened prin- 

 ciples he lays down in this pamphlet — took an 

 active part in opposing the treaty of commerce 

 with France, and was rewarded by the appoint- 

 ment of Inspector-General of the exports and im- 

 ports of the customs. (See an account of him in 

 Ward's Lives of Gresham Professors, p. .332.) He 

 ■was a contributor to The Spectator, and Nos. 180. 

 200. and 232. have been attributed to him ; and 

 the matter of Sir Andrew Freeport's speculations 

 appears to have been furnished by him as Addison 

 and Steele's oracle on trade and commerce. It 

 will be seen that in No. 232. he makes exactly the 

 same use of Sir William Petty's example of the 

 watch as is done in the tract (p. 69.), and the 

 coincidence seems to point out one common author 

 of both compositions. But, without placing too 

 much stress on this similarity, I find, that Collins's 

 Catalogue, which was compiled with great care, 

 and where it mentions the authors of anonymous 

 •works may always be relied upon, attributes this 

 tract to Martyn (Collins's Cat. 1730-1, 8vo., 

 Part I., No. 3130.). I have a copy of the edition 

 of 1701, in the original binding and lettering — 

 lettered "Martyn on the East India Trade" — and 



copies of the edition of 1720 in two separate col- 

 lections of tracts ; one of which belonged to 

 A. Chamier, and the other to George Chalmers ; 

 in both of which the name of Martyn is written as 

 its author on the title-page, and in the latter in 

 Chalmers's handwriting. I think therefore we may 

 conclude that this tract, which well deserves being; 

 more generally known than it is at present, was 

 written by Henry Martyn. Jas. Crossley.. 



" AKE " AND " ACHE." 



John Kemble, it is well known, maintained that 

 the latter was the mode of pronouncing this word 

 in Shakspeare's days. He was right, and he was- 

 wrong ; for, as I shall show, both modes prevailed, 

 at least in poetry, till the end of the seventeenth- 

 century. So it was with some other words, shoiv 

 and shew, for instance. It is, perhaps, hardly 

 necessary to observe that the sounds k, ch, sh, kh 

 (guttural) are commutable. Thus the letter h is- 

 named in Italian, acca ; in French, ache ; in En- 

 glish, aitch, perhaps originally atch : our church is. 

 the Scottish kirk, &c. Accordingly, we meet ia 

 Shakspeare reckless and rechless, reeky and reechy .- 

 "As I could pike (pitch) my lance." (Coriol.y 

 Act I. So. 1.) Hall has (Sat. vi. 1.) " Lucait 

 streaked (stretched) on his marble bed." So alsa 

 there were like and liche, and the vulgar cham for- 

 I am (Lc eom, A.-S.) 



Having now to show that both ake and ache: 

 were in use, I commence with the former : 



" Like a milch-doe, whose swelling dugs do ake. 

 Hasting to find her fawn hid in some brake." 



Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis.. 



" By turns now half asleep, now half awake. 

 My wounds began to smart, my hurt to ake." 

 Fairfax, Godf of Bull, viii. 26: 



" Yet, ere she went, her vex'd heart, which did ake^ 

 Somewhat to ease, thus to the king she spake." 

 Drayton, Barons' Wars, iii. 75.. 



" And cramm'd them till their guts did ake 

 With caudle, custard, and plumcake." 



Hudibras, ii. 2, 



The following is rather dubious : 



" If chance once in the spring his head should ac/j, ] 

 It was foretold : thus says my almanack." 



Hall, Sat. ii. 7-, ed. Singer. ' 



The aitch, or rather, as I think, the atch sounds 

 occurs in the following places : 

 " B. Heigh-ho! 

 M. For a hawk, a horse, or a husband ? 

 B. For the letter that begins them all, H." 



Much Ado about Nothing, Act III. Sc. 4, 



" Their fears of hostile strokes, their aches, losses." 

 Timon of Athens, Act V. Sc. 2. 

 " Yea, fright all aches from your bones." 



Jonson, Fox, ii. 2» 



