536 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 187. 



*' more than three hundred little bees of the purest 

 gold, their wings being inlaid v/ith a red stone like 

 cornelian," Cjskidwen. 



Passage in Orosius (Vol. vii., p. 399.). — May 

 not the " twam tyncenuni," between which Cyrus 

 the Great's officer attempted to cross a river, be 

 the inflated skins which the Arabs still use, as the 

 ancient inhabitants of Assyria did, for crossing the 

 Tigris and Euphrates, and of which the Nimroud 

 sculptures give so many illustrations ? 



Ceridwen. 



Names Jirst given to Parishes (Vol. iv., p. 153.). 

 — I wish to repeat this Query in another form, 

 and particularly in reference to the termination 

 -by. I suspect that wherever a cluster of villages, 

 like that given by F. B., occurs with this Danish 

 suffix, it is a proof that the district was originally 

 a colony of Danes. The one in which I reside 

 (the hundreds of Flegg), from its situation is 

 particularly likely to have been so. Its original 

 form was evidently that of a large island in the 

 estuary of the Yare, which formed numerous 

 inlets in its shores ; and this was flanked on each 

 side , by a Roman garrison, one the celebrated 

 fortress of Garianonum, now Burgh Castle, and 

 the other Caistor-next- Yarmouth, in which a 

 camp, burying-ground, &c., besides its name, 

 sufficiently attest its Roman origin. The two 

 hundreds of Flegg (or Fleyg, as appears on its 

 common seal) comprise twenty villages, thirteen 

 of which terminate in -hj. These are Ormesby, 

 Hemesby, Filby, Mauteby, Stokesby, Herringby, 

 Thrigby, Billockby, Ashby or Askeby, Clippesby, 

 RoUesby, Oby, and Scratby or Scroteby. 



Professor Wobsaae, I believe, considers Ormes- 

 by to have been originally Gormsby, i. e. Gorm's 

 or Guthrum's village, but I have not his work at 

 hand to refer to. Thrigby, or Trigby as it is ver- 

 nacularly pronounced, and Rollesby, may take 

 their names from Trigge or Tricga, and RoUo, 

 names occurring in Scandinavian history. I 

 should feel obliged if Professors Wobsaae and 

 Stephens, or other Scandinavian antiquaries and 

 scholars, would kindly inform me if my surmises 

 are correct, and if the rest of the names may be 

 similarly derived. I should add that Stokesby 

 fully bears out the suggestion of C. (Vol. v., 

 p, 161.), as there is even now a ferry over the 

 Bure at that point. The district is entirely sur- 

 rounded by rivers and extensive tracts of marshes, 

 and intersected by large inland lakes, locally 

 termed " Broads," which undoubtedly were all 

 comprised in the estuary, and which would form 

 safe anchorages for the long galleys of the North- 

 men. E. S. Taylor. 



Ormesby, St. Margaret, Norfolk. 



Grafts and the Parent Tree (Vol. vii., p. 436.). — 

 In order to insure the success of grafts, it is material 



that they be inserted on congenial stocks : delicate- 

 growing fruits require dwarf-growing stocks ; 

 and free luxuriant-growing trees require strong 

 stocks. To graft scions of delicate wooded trees 

 on strong stocks, occasions an over-supply of sap 

 to the grafts ; and though at first they seem to 

 flourish, yet they do not endure. A few examples 

 of this sort may lead to an opinion, that " grafts, 

 after some fifteen years, wear themselves out;" 

 but the opinion is not (generally speaking) well 

 founded. I have for many years grafted the old 

 Golden Pippin on the Paradise or Doucin stock, 

 and found it to answer veiy well, and produce 

 excellent fruit. Taunton has long been famous 

 for its Nonpareils, which are there produced in 

 great excellence and abundance. The Cornish 

 Gillifloicer, one of our very best apples, was well 

 known in the time of King Charles I. ; and, as yet, 

 shows no symptoms of decay : that fruit requires 

 a strong stock. 



The ancient Ribston Pippin was a seedling : 

 *' It has been doubted by some, whether the tree at 

 Ribston Hall was an original from the seed : the fact of 

 its not being a grafted tree has been satisfactorily ascer- 

 tained by Sir Henry Goodricke, the present proprietor, 

 by causing suckers from its root to be planted out — 

 which have set the matter at rest that it was not a 

 grafted tree. One of these suckers has produced fruit 

 in the Horticultural Garden at Chiswick." — Lindley's 

 Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Gai-den, 1831, p. 81. 



J. G. 



Exon. 



Lord Cliff and HoweWs Letters (Vol. vii., 

 p. 455.). — The Lord Clifl", as to whom your cor- 

 respondent inquires, and to whom James Howell 

 addresses some of his letters, is intended for Henry 

 Lord Clifibrd, and afterwards, on the decease of 

 his fiither, fifth and last Earl of Cumberland. He 

 died in December, 1643. Amongst the many re- 

 publications of modern times, I regret that we 

 have no new edition, with illustrative notes, of 

 Howell's Letters. It is the more necessary, as one 

 at least of the later editions of this most enter- 

 taining book is very much abridged and mutilated. 



James Cbosslet. 



Y. S. M. asks "Who was Lord Clifi"?" He 

 might as well have added, " Who was Lord Vis- 

 count Col, Sir Thomas Sa, or End. Por ?" who also 

 figure in Epistolce Ho-Elianice. Had he looked 

 over that entertaining book more attentively, 

 Y. S. M. would have seen that all these were mere 

 contractions of Howell's correspondents. Lord Clif- 

 ford, Lord Colchester, Sir Thomas Savage, and 

 Endymion Porter. J- O. 



The Bouillon Bible (Vol. vii., p. 296.).— H. W., 

 who was good enough to answer my Query re- 

 specting Philip D'Auvergne, has probably seen 

 that the Bible of which he inquires has turned up. 



