604 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 190. 



Its derivation is directly from the Saxon genoJi, 

 but the root is found in many other languages, as 

 the German, Dutch, Danish, &c. B. H. C. 



Mr. Wright supposes there has been a change In 

 the pronunciation of this word, and inquires when 

 it took place. Now, if my conjecture be correct, 

 there may have been no change, and these are two 

 words, — not one pronounced differently. Both 

 the instances quoted by him are in conformity with 

 my opinion, viz. that where the sense is " a suffi- 

 cient quantity," either in substance, quality, or 

 action, we should make use of enough ; yet where 

 a sufficient number is intended, we should pro- 

 nounce and write enow. I recollect (being a native 

 of Suffialk) that I was laughed at by the boys of a 

 school in a western county, nearly seventy years 

 ago : but I was not then laughed out of my word, 

 nor am I likely now to be argued out of it. 



P.S. — I see that Johnson's Dictionary gives the 

 same statement about enough and enow. This 

 answer is therefore superfluous. Johnson gives 

 numerous instances of the use of enow from our 

 best authors. H. C. K. 



rHOTOGBAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. 



Mr. Wilkinson's Mode of levelling Cameras. — 

 As you have done me the honour to notice my 

 simple invention for levelling cameras, which I 

 have since had an opportunity of trying in the 

 open air for a week, and find to succeed perfectly, 

 I wish to correct some errors which appeared in 

 the Photographic Journal, from which you copied 

 my remarks, and which arose from the notes being 

 taken down from my verbal observations. The 

 first part is perfectly correct; but after 1. 2. col. 2. 

 "N. & Q." (Vol.vii., p. 462.) it should read thus: 



" The other perpendicular is then sought for ; 

 the back or front of the camera being raised or 

 lowered until the thread cuts the perpendicular 

 lines drawn upon the sides of the camera. By 

 this means a perfectly horizontal plane is obtained, 

 as true as with the best spirit-levels, and in less 

 time. By tying three knots in tlie silk at twelve 

 inches distance from the one bullet and from each 

 other, we have a measure for stereoscopic pictures ; 

 and by making the thread thirty-nine inches and 

 two-tenths long from one bullet to the centre of 

 the other, we obtain a pendulum vibrating seconds, 

 which is useful in taking portraits ; as it will con- 

 tinue vibrating for ten minutes, if one bullet be 

 merely hung over any point of suspension." 



Thus we obtain a levelling instrument, a chro- 

 nometer, and a measure of distances, at a cost 

 considerably under one penny. 



The above will more fully explain to your cor- 

 respondent *. (Vol.vii., p. 505.) my reasons for 

 the length of thread stated ; and with respect to 

 the diagonal lines on the ground glass, it is not 



material what may be the distance of the principal 

 object, whether six feet or six hundred : for if the 

 cross lines, or any other lines drawn on the glass, 

 cut the central object in the picture at any par- 

 ticular part — for example, the window of any 

 particular house, or the branch of any tree, — then 

 the camera may be removed to higher or lower 

 ground, several feet or inches, to the right or to 

 the left, and the same lines be made to cut the 

 same objects, previously noted ; the elevation will 

 then be the same, which completes all that is re- 

 quired. 



In most stereoscopic pictures, the distances are 

 too wide. For a portrait, two inches and a half to 

 three inches, at nine or twelve feet distant, is 

 enough ; and for landscapes much less is required 

 than is generally given, for no very great accuracy 

 Is necessary. Three feet, at three hundred yards, 

 Is quite enough ; and four to six feet, at a mile, 

 will do very well. Let experiment determine : for 

 every photographer must learn his profession or 

 amusement ; there is no royal road to be depended 

 on. But a small aperture, a quarter of an inch 

 diameter, may be considered a good practical size 

 for a lens of three and a quarter inches, depending 

 on light and time : the smaller the apertiire, the 

 longer the time ; and no rules can be given by 

 any one who does not know the size and quality 

 of the lenses employed. Everyone can make a 

 few trials for himself, and find it out ; which will 

 be more satisfactory than any Instructions derived 

 from books or correspondence. I obtain all the 

 information I can from every source, then try, 

 and judge for myself. At worst, you only spoil a 

 few sheets of paper, and gain experience. 



I perfectly agree with Dr. Diamond, that It 

 is much better not to wash the collodion pictures 

 after developing ; but pour on about one drachm 

 of sat. sol. hypo, at once, and then, when clear, 

 plenty of water ; and let water rest on the surface 

 for an hour or more, before setting on edge to 

 dry. Henry Wilkinson 



Collodion Negative. — Can you inform me how a 

 collodion negative may be made ? that is, how you 

 can ensure the negative being always of a de7ise 

 enough character to print from. This is rarely the 

 case. F. M. 



Developing Collodion Process. — I use to de- 

 velope my collodion pictures M. Martin's plan, 

 i. e. a solution of common copperas made a little 

 acid with sulphuric acid. This answers very well, 

 and gives to the pictures, after they have been 

 exposed an hour or two to the atmosphere, a silver- 

 like appearance : but this copperas solution seems 

 to destroy the glass for using a second time, inas- 

 much as a haziness is cast upon the glass, and its 

 former enamel seems lost, not to be regained even 

 by using acids. The hyposulphite also seems to 

 be affected by this manner of developing the pic- 



