July 2. 1853.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



15 



the first place, the Spartans are transformed into 

 boughs, and, in the next place, the boughs into 

 fruit. Detruncation, however, had nothing to do 

 ■with this latter metamorphosis ; and I am afraid 

 this is not a solitary instance of lexicographical 

 incongruity. 



W. W. may assure himself that a windfall is 

 " whatever /a^Zs by the wind, or with similar sud- 

 denness or unexpectedness, whether bringing good 

 or ill." 



And if he will take the trouble to refer to " The 

 Case of Impeachment of Waste," quoted by Mb. 

 ' Akeowsmith, Vol. vii., p. 375., he will find, only a 

 few lines before that gentleman's quotation begins, 

 a legal question at issue as to the right of property 

 in windfalls. Q. 



Bloomsbury. 



MR. JUSTICE NEWTON. 



(Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.) 



It would greatly enhance the value of contribu- 

 tions to " N. & Q.," save much trouble, and often 

 lead to a more direct intercourse between persons of 

 similar pursuits, if contributors would drop initials, 

 and sign their own proper name and habitat; and 

 in saying this, I believe the Editor will second me. 

 If C. S. G. had done this, I should have been 

 happy to send him an envelope full of proofs that 

 Mr. Justice Newton did not die in 1444, for that 

 a fine was levied before him in 1448 ; that he is 

 not buried in Bristol Cathedral, but in the Wyke 

 Aisle in Yatton Church, Somerset, where may be 

 seen his elBgies beautifully carved in alabaster, in 

 his judge's robes, and his head resting on a wheat- 

 sheaf or garb ; that there was no relationship be- 

 tween the second baronet of Hather, his arms 

 being cross hones, &c. , and those of the judge, who 

 was truly a Cradock, were three garbs, &c. I 

 would now beg leave to refer C. S. G. to my former 

 communications in "N. & Q." about Cradock 

 Newton, particularly Vol. ii., pp. 248. 427. ; Ch-u- 

 nica Judicialia, 1635 ; Foss's Lives of the Judges; 

 and a paper of mine in the forthcoming volume of 

 the Proceedings of the Archceological Institute at 

 Bristol. H. T. Ellacombe. 



Rectory, Clyst St. George. 



From C. S. G.'s reply to my inquiry respecting 

 Mr. Justice Newton I conclude that at least two 

 individuals of this name have, at different periods, 

 and at a considerable interval apart, occupied the 

 judicial bench. 



The portrait I wish to trace is of a well-known 

 character of the Commonwealth era, and could not, 

 of course, have belonged to a judge then some two 

 centuries deceased. My omission to state this cir- 

 cumstance, in the first instance, has very naturally 

 occasioned complete misapprehension throughout. 



Since my Query was written, a duplicate of the 

 drawing in the Bodleian (minus the inscription), 

 out of the Strawberry Hill collection, has, curiously 

 enough, appeared in an extensive public sale. It 

 was likewise said to be by Bulfinch ; and farther 

 examination leads me to infer that both this and 

 the Oxford copy were, in respect of artist, in all 

 probability not incorrectly described. As Bulfinch 

 lived temp. Charles II., and the Bodleian inscrip- 

 tion points to his original painting as "in the hands 

 of Mr. Justice Newton," it may fairly be presumed 

 that a second judge of the name flourished in this 

 reign. 



Substantially, then, my original Query yet re- 

 mains unanswered, notwithstanding C. S. G.'s 

 obliging reply. F. KyrriN Lenthall. 



36. Mount Street, Grosvenor Square. 



PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. 



Mr. Lyte's Treatment of Positives. — It would 

 be quite superfluous, after the very excellent 

 communication of Mr. Pollock, were I to give a 

 detailed account of my method of printing albumen 

 positives, as, in the main, we both follow the process 

 of Mr. Le Gray. But as we both have our own 

 improvements on the original process, I will ask 

 for space in which to record our differences in 

 manipulation. 



First, in regard to the chloride of gold, I 

 always find, and I believe such is the experience 

 of many photographers, that all salts of gold, 

 though they heighten the effect at first, have a 

 slow, but sure, destructive action on the picture. 



Next, I find that acetic acid, by generating 

 sulphurous acid, has a similar effect, and my care 

 was to try and make a solution which should be 

 free from these defects. I first take my positive, 

 which, as a general rule, I print at least half as 

 dark again as the shade required. This done, I 

 wash it well with water, and next with salt and 

 water in the proportion of about half a grain per 

 gallon, or quite a tasteless solution ; this removes 

 all the nitrate of silver from the paper, or if there 

 is any left, the bath of salt decomposes it, leaving 

 none in the texture of the paper to unite with the 

 hypo., which otherwise forms a sticky substance, 

 difficult to remove, which may be readily seen on 

 looking through a positive which has been too 

 hastily finished in the usual way, giving a dark 

 shade, and a want of transparency to the lights. 

 I then place the picture in a bath composed as 

 follows : 



Sodae hyposul. - - - 3 oz. 



Argent, chlorid. - - 70 grs. 



Potassii iodidi - - - 5 grs. 



Pyrogallic acid - - - 1^ to 2 grs. 



The iodide of potassium I add on the same prin- 

 ciple as Mr. Pollock's iodide of silver, but as being 



